Review article
REPRODUCTION IN CRISIS
Ivan Fistonić
; Ginekološka ordinacija, Zagreb, Preradovićeva 10
Branko Radaković
; Klinika za ženske bolesti i porode KBC, Zagreb
Joško Zekan
; Klinika za ženske bolesti i porode KBC, Zagreb
Petar Lozo
; Poliklinika Lozo, Zadar
Nikola Fistonić
; Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Ana Maletić
; Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Abstract
Fertility is determined by several parameters that indirectly moderate live birth. Their trend in Europe as well as in Croatia show negative values in past forty years. Besides biological factors (ovulation, semen quality, coital frequency, fertility rate, and early miscarriage) the best demographical indicators of fertility are live birth dizygotic twinning rate (DZ twinning), total fertility rate (TFR; Croatia 2003:1.33) and female reproduction rate (FRR; Croatia 2001:0.66). Natural change in population in Croatia was lowest in year 2003 (–2.1) and negative trend will continue. Population projection for year 2031 counts for 17% less citizens than in 2001.
Ageing, cigarette smoking and obesity are well recognized causes of infertility that narrow unexplained infertility palette. They may significantly act adversely in assisted reproduction techniques success rate. Other environmental or life style factors as diet, physical training, psychological stress, caffeine or alcohol intake, may also, in certain way defeat effectiveness in fertility rate. Postponing of pregnancy quadruplets not only infertility, but also influences pregnancy outcome rising perinatal mortality for 50%.
Keywords
Hrčak ID:
65718
URI
Publication date:
1.6.2009.
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