Ostalo
AESTETIC AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF DALMATIAN COASTAL SETTLEMENTS
Duško Kečkemet
Sažetak
Dalmatian coastal settlements either on land or on islands
except prominent towns which are not d i scussed) were
ounded mainly in the 16th century, under particular historical
and economical conditions. Most of medieval settlements
were built inland further from sea for better security and
because of an agricultural and cattlebreeding economy. In
front of penetrattng lurks refugees trom Đalmatian»Zagorac,
Bosnia 8 Hercegownia, were tinding shelter in the surroundings
of Venet>an Daimatia. During the period of the Turkish
-Venetian wars in 1/th century tney were fleeing to islands
as well. iNew settlements arose in protected valleys, on land
and on islands, because danger was no longer a threat from
the sea. The natives of the neghboring inland settlements
were leaving their places and innabiting togather with newcomers
coastal settlements and being entirely indenpendant
or having a certain dependancy on a noble fortified castle.
During the period of Venetian management these settlements
were just living from hand to mouth, due to limited
free commerce which was carried through by Venice. With
trade liberated in the 18th century their naval commerce
was developing and with that a commercial fleet of sailing-
vessels. Napoleon wars and Russian-English blocade were
destroing that t rade and nautics so that i n the t ime of
Austrian management in the 19th century Dalmatia was in a
very bad economical condition also because of the competition
of steam vessels to the sailing-boats. Development
of the coastal settlementswas stagnating. In the 1870's
phylloxera was destroying the French vineyardsso that
Dalmatian wine was in demand to be imported to France.
Central-Dalmatian agriculturists were felling olive trees and
started to cultivate and plant grape vine on every piece of
land. It suddenly yielded an economical prosperity (yearly
1,300.000 wine hl was exported) and with the development of
harbour settlements. Then due to the appearance of sickness
in the grape vine towards the end of the century even in
Dalmatia vineyards and the first world war which completely
destroyed that trade, the inhabitants of the islands massivly
immigrate to America. From then, settlements significantly
recessed in a demografically decline. Only recently due to
reparements of the roads, water pipe l ine being installed
together with electricity and development of turis and partly
industrial trade in recent times have again brought a impetus iin the rapid development of these settlements. new
Urbanistic development of settlements has been following
social and economic raise and falls. In native and new coastal
settlements exsisted the old local and a common Mediteranian
building and urbanistic tradition. Newcomers from the inland
brought their continental characteristic Dinarian building tradition.
In the periods of naval development, by the end of
18th, and espeoially by the end of 19th century, contemporary
and progressive influence was visible from the neighbouring
and other foreign cities on the development of o ur settlements.
Continental factor has been most visible in more
modest house dwelling, particularly in that from 16th till the
18th century. The influence of the local coastal traditions
9 Pisak
and common broader civilisation and prosperity were ref lected
in bigger and more representative private and public buildings
and general urbanistic conceptions.
The main center of the coastal settlement became the small
harbour and the square in f ront of the parrish-church. The
settlement has its representative facade locking on the harbour
of facing the harbour. There have been buildings of institutions,
commercial buildings from oil factories, wineries, wind-mills
and first industries. The harbour has been built orderly to
be functional with the wharf, pier, small port for fishing boats,
and light house. The parrish-church steeple dominates the
silhouette of the settlement. The church has regularly been
situated within a settlement, and besides there has been a parochial office, school, and other social institutions.
A markingly urbanistic attribute of the settlement gave
float of rain water for a local reservoir and a picturesque
The urbanistic value beauty of smaller coastal Dalmatian
settlements is in their adequateness to unique panorama, the
function of all buildings, the solidness of the stone material
used for buildings, the sense of harmony and neatness ond
the collective urbanistic consciousness of their inhabitants.
Unfortunately, the prosperity of those settlements today hasn t been accompanied by equivalent urbanistic quality
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
148582
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.12.1978.
Posjeta: 1.267 *