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Clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with anticoagulant intoxication

Hrvoje Tušek ; Hrvatska
Mirna Brkljačić ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Vesna Matijatko ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Marin Torti ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Iva Šmit ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Iva Mayer ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Ivana Kiš ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska

Sažetak

Anticoagulant rodenticides are used extensively worldwide to control rodent populations. They are one of the most common causes of poisoning in various domestic animal species, with the highest number of poisonings reported in dogs. Case records of dogs presented with prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values and compatible history at the Clinic for internal medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb between 1 January 2009 and 1 January 2011 were reviewed. A total number of 22 dogs were found to have complete clinical and laboratory data as well as results of diagnostic imaging and outcome in which the diagnosis of poisoning with anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning was established. The most common presenting symptom was external bleeding, found in 59% of dogs, while 18% of dogs presented with respiratory distress, 9% with convulsions and inappetence, and 5% with depression. In 59% of dogs, temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were increased, while in 7% of dogs, heart rate and respiration rate were increased though temperature was within normal limits. In 9% of dogs, temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were within normal physiological limits. Mean total erythrocyte number and mean hematocrit values were lower than the minimum
reference value, and mean platelet number was within normal limits. The biochemistry profile revealed increased mean urea values and normal creatinine values. Total protein values and albumin were decreased, which is compatible with bleeding. The mean creatinine kinase level was significantly above the upper reference value. Body cavity effusions were present in 76% of patients, in most cases (50%) pleural effusion was diagnosed, 18% had ascites, and pericardial effusion was present in 9% of dogs. In all patients, effusion analysis confirmed bleeding within the body cavities. All patients were treated with vitamin K1, and received supportive therapy according to clinical signs, which included whole blood transfusion in 36% of patients. Twenty-one patients recovered uneventfully, and one dog (5%) was euthanized due to financial reasons. Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxications are a constant challenge to practicing veterinarians due to inconsistent history, vague and/or variable clinical signs and laboratory findings. If no appropriate suspicion is established, clotting tests are not performed and a definitive diagnosis is missed. Still, cases of rodenticide intoxications with early diagnosis and adequate etiological and supportive therapy carry a favourable prognosis.

Ključne riječi

dog; poisoning; anticoagulants; clinical findings; laboratory findings

Hrčak ID:

222383

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/222383

Datum izdavanja:

26.7.2017.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 3.038 *