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Herceg Koloman and the Art of Croatian Space
Vladimir Peter Goss
; Sveučilište u Rijeci
Sažetak
Koloman, son of Andrew II., the younger brother of king Bela IV, (1235-1270) was born 1208. He died in Čazma in 1241 from the wounds received in the battle with the Tartars at the Šaj River. In his short life Koloman was the titular King of Galicia (Halič), crowned in 1217. He failed to bring the Trans-Carpathian Galicia to the Arpad rule, but he left his mark on the Slovakian region of Spiš (Zips), which has considerable bearing on this story. Koloman succeeded Bela as Herceg of Slavonia, Dalmatia and Croatia in 1226, when Bela became a co-ruler of the Hungarian-Croatian kingdom. This was the beginning of his brilliant career as administrator and soldier, and of his major undertaking – creating an autonomous kingdom within the Arpadian realm. Koloman had a worthy partner in the bishop of Zagreb, Stjepan II, who was to be installed as the archbishop of Zagreb transferring thus the seat of the Archdiocese to Zagreb from Split. The project failed due to the Tartar invasion of 1241-1242, and the Herceg’s tragic death.
The first half of the 13th century saw an upsurge in artistic activities in all of the Croatian lands, form the Drava to the Adriatic. More precisely, it was a fruitful beginning which mostly remained unrealized, but while it lasted it mustered the best forces of the entire Arpadian realm. The link was not so much stylistic unity, but the personality and patronage of the Herceg who provided a climate in which a conjunction of quality artists became possible.
Thanks to Herceg Koloman the period between 1226 and 1242 was a great period of the art of the Croatian space. The main project was creation of a new capital of Čazma some forty kilometres to the East of Zagreb. The surviving church of St. Mary Magdalene combines old Arpadian royal Romanesque tradition with Dominican architecture, and a monumental rose window in the style of Bamberg. It also contained the tombstone of the Herceg, which may have been located recently and awaits excavation. Judging from architectural detail and the format of the brick, the Čazma workshop participated in the construction of the octagonal chapel of the castle of Medvedgrad built by the Herceg on the slope of the Medvednica above Zagreb in the 1230ies, the date confirmed by a correct reading of the documents by leading Croatian Latinists, and by style of the decor and sculpture comparable to those of Spiš (Spišski hrad, Spišska kapitula, Spišska Nova Ves, Spišski Vlachy). The portal of the Medvedgrad chapel is very close to that of Ócsa near Budapest (completed 1234)., while the interior capitals recall top Hungarian examples (Esztergom, Vértesszentkereszt, Pilisszetntkereszt, Pannonhalma). There is also an atlas figure close in style to Master Otto of Split and Trani (in the 1230ies), and the two columns behind the altar are topped by column biting lions in the best style of Villard de Honnecourt.
In 1226 Herceg Koloman donated the revenue of the county of Drid to Bishop Treguanus of Trogir for the building of the Cathedral. Radoslav Bužančić has proposed that Koloman as an exceptionally important member of the royal family may have been the initiator of the greatets monument of the »Koloman Renainnce«, the portal of Master Radovan in Trogir (under costruction in 1240.). Such proposal could be a base to establish artistic missing links within the Croatian space bringng together the best the Croatian space had to offer – royal patronage, the leading prelates, the king’s free boroughs of Slavonia, and the city communes of the Croatian Coastland.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
240842
URI
Datum izdavanja:
29.6.2020.
Posjeta: 1.601 *