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A small bronze crucifix from Rakovac
Snježana Pavičić
; Hrvatski povijesni muzej u Zagrebu
Sažetak
A small bronze crucifix from Rakovac (fig.1), in the Croatian Historical Museum in Zagreb, is an important example of small-size sculpture (6,4x4,7x0,8 cm) made in gilt bronze with the figure of Christ that is simple, rudimentary and symmetrical in form, compact in volume and proportions, solid and statical, which is characteristic for the romanesque period. Archeological excavations in Rakovac near Novi Sad in Srijem have revealed several historical stages, among others Roman structures, a Romanesque basilica with a crypt and a Gothic church, as well as a period of adaptation of the medieval monastery Dombo into a fortification.
Of various archeological finds from Rakovac, most interesting for a comparison with the Romanesque crucifix now in the Croatian Historical Museum is a fragment of the choirscreen made of white marble the front of which is decorated with a carved scene of the crucifixion of Christ (fig.2). If we want to compare it to similar objects, small east bronze sculptures, the Rakovac crucifix may be compared with several finds in Croatia (Martinšćina in Hrvatsko zagorje-fig. 4, Sisak-fig. 6) and neighbouring countries: Serbia (Kladovo-fig. 3), Bosnia and Hercegovina, (Mujdžići-fig. 5) and Hungary (Szekesfehervar, Szababattyan, Somogykethely, Esztergom-fig.7, Sarbogarda-fig. 8, and Szerecseny-fig. 9). The similarity is most obvious with the examples from Hungary that date from the 12th century, made from gilt east bronze in monastery workshops on the other bank of the Danube, from 6.5 to 15 cm tall, and have almost identical morphological and iconographic characteristics (straight- cut perisomes, stubby legs, hands slightly bent at the elbows, pointed beards, long hair in wisps, solid support on suppedaneum). The example from Szerecseny (fig.9) is of particular importance since this is the only Christ that, besides all the standard elements, has a handkerchief thrown across his shoulder. The Rakovac crucifix may have been made in the workshops on the other bank of the Danube or may be the work of a local craftsman in direct or indirect contact with Hungarian crosses. Rakovac in Srijem is close to Hungary, which seems to support this hypothesis.
Since 1909 the crucifix has been in the Croatian History Museum and, with other archeological artefacts bought from Ljudevit Sedlaček from Novi Sad (kept today in the Archeological Museum in Zagreb), complete the picture of this important Srijem locality.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
147923
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.12.2000.
Posjeta: 929 *