Izvorni znanstveni članak
Davor Fulanović
; Tehnički muzej Zagreb
Sažetak
Permanent exhibition of Energy transformation Department of the Technical Museum in Zagreb is expanded with the unique (52 models of average size 45 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm) Collection of the heat engine models Kolin. With the help of magnificently designed and perfectly made artefacts we can see one of the most important entireties in the history< of technology. Heat engines keep in motion most of contemporary energetic plants and traffic means. Let's just remember Watt's steam engine, Otto's and Diesel's engines, turbines and rocket engines, so that we can understand the significance of heat engines in the development of our civilization. Choice of engine types and the way of model making in Kolin collection show a strong authorial approach. Professor dr. Ivo Kolin suggests the hard, amazing and interlaced development ways of heat engines. He does not forget unjustifiably neglected and forgotten inventions and gives them an individual seal.
The exhibition of models, which show historical development of heat, engines from Branka turbine from 1629. to the rocket Saturn V from 1969. and Stirling/Kolin engine from 1992. is in consonance with the basic postulations of the author, but also enables the visitors to have a good insight into complex matter of heat engines and motors. Let's have a look at the four basic unities.
I. HEAT ENGINES THAT CONVERT HEATING ENERGY INTO USEFUL MECHANICAL OPERATION.
The first and the greatest unity of 45 models is classified into nine groups. It shows historical development of engines that were starting other engines and generators of electric power in trade shops and industrial plants, motors that start all the vehicles on water, land, in the air and space, and other appliances like artificial heart etc. These are the engines that expend heat and produce mechanical operation.
1.1. The origins of heat engines-devices and facilities, which precede the first steam, engines.
1.2. Models of heat engines with Papin cycle-besides the most important heating engines made by Papin, Newcoman, Watt and Stephenson's locomotive, other heat engines that operate with Papin cycle are also exhibited.
1.3. Model of imaginary heat engine by Sadi Carnot. This engine would operate with heating so-called Carnot cycle. This cycle theoretically has the highest thermodynamic level of operation, i.e. the highest possible level of conversion of energy into mechanical work.
1.4. Models of heat engines with Stirling cycle-whose theoretical level of operation is the same as Carnot cycle. These are called Stirling engines, neglected and forgotten invention from the beginning of 19th century, but which many are interested in again during the last few decades. Thirteen exhibited engines show the development of Stirling engines from 1815. to the contemporary Stirling/Kolin engine from 1982.
1.5. Models of heat engines with Joule cycle-imaginary engine which James Joule never constructed, and which would operate with heating cycle later named after him. We can also see the engine with the same heating cycle, which was constructed by John Ericsson in 1833, eighteen years before Joule's engine.
1.6. Model of heat engine-prototype of the engine that John Ericsson used for operating a ship with carrying capacity of 2000 t. the engine worked with heating cycle that was later named after Ericsson.
1.7. Models of heat engines with internal combustion - motors in which chemical process of combustion and heating energy release happens inside the engine cylinder. The most famous one and the most spread heat engines start various kinds of vehicles: motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses and ships, but also for driving some other engines. Among others are exhibited engines with combusting air, gas engines, Wankel's engine operated with Otto cycle and engines with Diesel cycle.
1.8. Model of contemporary gas turbine - heat engines irreplaceable in thermo-electric and nuclear power plants for electric power generators drive. They are also used for jet planes drive.
1.9. Models of rocket engines and rockets - heat engines that enabled the flight into space.
II. REFRIGERATING MACHINES
The second unity consists of three models of refrigerating machines in which mechanical drive is used of heat depriving. All refrigerating machines and devices operating in the process in which a machine "employs" work and "produces" cold.
III. CANNONS
The third unity consists of four cannon models - the simplest heat engines. Comparing heat engines and cannons, engine cylinder would correspond to cannon barrel, engine piston to cannon ball, and engine rotation speed to cannon fire speed.
IV. CHEMODYNAMIC ENGINE
A model of chemodynamic engine prototype represents the fourth unity, where chemical energy directly turns into mechanical work. This engine symbolizes alternative in new energy sources.
Uniqueness, originality, credibility and completeness of the collection imposed the idea on realization of mobile international exhibition, which is the same as the permanent exhibition. The exhibits are placed into showcases and completed with boards with bilingual descriptions and photographs. Three basic thematic unities are represented with a contemporary cat-engine, functional model of a refrigerator and a cannon from 18th century, with functional model of imagery of heat transformation into mechanical operation. Portraits and biographies of the most important inventors of heat engines are also a part of the exhibition, as well as a twenty minutes long videofilm "Starting power of fire".
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
165087
URI
Datum izdavanja:
5.12.2001.
Posjeta: 819 *