Arhivski vjesnik, Vol. 58 No. 1, 2015.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
Tompa de Horzowa, Tompa de Palychna, Tompa de Monyorós. Contribution to the History of Croatian Noble Family
Goranka Kreačič
Sažetak
This part of the reconstruction of the history of the very old families from the lesser Croatian nobility Tompa de Horzowa and Tompa de Palychna is an attempt to prove that both families were from the same kindred. In the Funds of the Tompa family in the Croatian National Archives, we can find documents from different Tompa families, but we believe that they all have the same kindred. We found documents related to the families Tompa de Palychna and Tompa de Horzowa. Some indices in a recent text, as well as one document from 1531 in the Funds of the Tompa family in the Croatian National Archive, can be interpreted as indicating that the members of the family Tompa de Palychna were descendants of John Tompa de Erdewd, the older brother of the Croatian bishop and ban Simon Bakocz, from the Erdödy kindred, who were from the branch called Tompa. At the same time however, there also lived another John Tompa, but from the kindred Tompa de Horzowa.
We first analysed the families’ coats of arms. It was not only the members of the Bakocz Erdödy family that used variations of the coat of arm of the cardinal and state chancellor Thomas/Tamas Bakocz. The Palffy family also used the same crucial element, a salient deer from the semi-wheel, in their coats of arms. It passed to them through the marriage of Clara Bakocz Erdödy to one member of the Palffy family. The four coats of arms of the families Tompa de Horzowa and Tompa de Palychna were completely different. A basic heraldic element in all four coats of arms was a pelican, which wounds his breast and nourishes its young in the nest with his blood. Two coats of arms contain a patriarchal or double cross. If John Tompa de Erdewd was the founder of the family Tompa de Palychna, as suggested by the recent text in the Croatian National Archives, and if John Tompa de Horzowa was one of the members of the family Tompa de Horzowa, the only logical conclusion is that they were completely different families without any family bonds. But we believe that Tompa de Palychna was from the same kindred as the family Tompa de Horzowa and they do not have any relationship with the Bakocz Erdödy family.
We also find clear example showing that the descendants from the first marriage used the predicate de Horzowa, and the descendants of the second marriage used the predicate de Palychna. This is a repeating pattern, which we can trace from the second half of the 16th century. For example, in the beginning of 16th century, the sons of Melkior Tompa de Horzowa were de Horzowa from the first marriage and de Palychna from the second. And what do Tompa de Horzowa and de Palychna have in common with the family Tompa de Monyoros? The Tompa de Monyoros were related to the castle of Monyoros, today Skrabčiansky hrad in Slovakia. But, we found toponyms and hidronyms of Monyoros all around the medieval Hungarian empire. If we take into account that the Hungarian term monyoros (also mogyoros) means hazel-tree and that monyoros means hazel-bushes overgrowing water, than it is logical that we can find that name in many different places. We know that Stephen Tompa de Palychna had some estates in the County of Baranya (near Sziget) and the County of Zala, where there were also estates with name Monyoros, so we believe that this confusion in equalizing the family Tompa de Palychna with Tompa de Monyoros arose from this misjudgement, as the two have nothing in common.
The other person that contributed to the confusion is the author Ivan Nagy, who in his 19th century book of Hungarian noble families wrote that a member of the Tompa family was Stephen Tompa de Monyoros (in our case he is Stephen Tompa de Palychna). Analysing the estates of the families Tompa de Horzowa and Tompa de Palychna, we find out that they were very close to each other from the second half of 16th century to the 20th century. From the second part of 16th century, all the estates of Tompa de Palychna and Tompa de Horzowa were around the Kolpa, the border river with Slovenia, which was at that time the border with Carniola, the inner Austrian land of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Previous estates from the 14th century of the family Tompa de Horzowa were located around Cirkvena in Krževci County, which were settled in the turbulent times with the Vlachs. Later, in 1628, the family brought all these estates back into their ownership.
The members of both families from the 16th century were in most cases state deputies of the Croatian, Slavonian and Dalmatian assembly, vice mayors of Zagreb and Varazdin county and judges – most of them were officers in Austro-Hungarian army. The other members were living more or less peacefully on the estate inherited from their ascendants until the 20th century. Their marriage ties show us that they were connected with noble families who found refuges when their primal estates were conquered by the Ottomans in others parts of Croatia. Those families were Forchych of Butinavac, Skarycza alias Ljubuncic of Ratkovec, Sturlich of Sturlich grad etc. But they were also connected to other noble Croatian and Hungarian families, such as Apoky, Bebessy, Bedeković of Komor, Jelačić, etc.
Ključne riječi
Tompa de Horzowa; Tompa de Palychna; Croatian lesser nobility; the early modern period
Hrčak ID:
158850
URI
Datum izdavanja:
7.9.2015.
Posjeta: 1.454 *