Review article
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3723
The PNPLA family of enzymes: characterisation and biological role
Ana-Marija Lulić
orcid.org/0009-0009-0493-4859
; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Maja Katalinić
orcid.org/0000-0001-7043-4291
; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
This paper brings a brief review of the human patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA) family. Even though it consists of only nine members, their physiological roles and mechanisms of their catalytic activity are not fully understood. However, the results of a number of knock-out and gain- or loss-of-function research models suggest that these enzymes have an important role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of organelle membranes, in cell growth, signalling, cell death, and the metabolism of lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, ceramides, and retinyl esters. Research has also revealed a connection between PNPLA family member mutations or irregular catalytic activity and the development of various diseases. Here we summarise important findings published so far and discuss their structure, localisation in the cell, distribution in the tissues, specificity for substrates, and their potential physiological role, especially in view of their potential as drug targets.
Keywords
catalytic dyad; lipid droplets; patatin; phospholipases; serine hydrolases
Hrčak ID:
304378
URI
Publication date:
20.6.2023.
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