Sažetak sa skupa
https://doi.org/10.21857/ypn4oc4189
Prenatal development of synapses and modulatory systems in the cerebral cortex of the human fetal brain
Ivica Kostović
; Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
*
Janja Kopić
; Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
* Dopisni autor.
Sažetak
New data on structure, function and modulation of synapses are related to mechanisms of presynaptic vesicle fusion (Sudhof and Malenka, 2008), dynamic nature of synapse plasticity, trans-synaptic interactions, nanoscopic organization of synapse structure (Yang and Annaert, 2021), evolution of neuromodulation (Galvin et al. 2018) and specificity of cortical synapses in humans (Christopoulou and Charrier 2024) in terms of assembly of postsynaptic scaffold via post-translational regulation of postsynaptic proteins (several hundred!) and finally, prolonged synaptogenesis, with specific tempo and maturation during life. In this presentation I am focused on development and distribution of synapses during prenatal development of the human cortex. The results confirm (Kostovic 2024) that typical chemical synapses emerge during early fetal life and show consistent laminar compartmental relationship with distribution of distal dendrites of pyramidal neurons and transient neurons of the subplate and marginal zone. Contrary to the prediction of experimental investigators, typical electrical gap junctions were not found during prenatal synaptogenesis. It was also found that early presynaptic elements belong to the evolutionary new, advanced cholinergic systems, which make synaptic input together with thalamic axons. Evolutionary conserved monoaminergic axons arrive in synaptic strata during the same period and grow in cerebral anlage even earlier, that is during embryonic period. Within the synaptic strata monoaminergic axons may release transmitters non-synaptically. These new results are in accordance with the concept of protracted period and specific tempo of life-long cortical synaptogenesis in humans. We conclude that recently discovered specifically human genetic regulation of presynaptic and postsynaptic molecular structure is already present during the early human fetal life.
Ključne riječi
synapse; prenatal cortical development; presynaptic elements; synaptic compartments
Hrčak ID:
333444
URI
Datum izdavanja:
25.6.2025.
Posjeta: 455 *