Izvorni znanstveni članak
PATHS TO ZAGREB CHAPTER CANONRIES IN THE 14TH CENTURY
Marko JERKOVIĆ
Sažetak
The practice of granting Zagreb chapter prebends depended mostly on three factors: papal right to provide candidates; the right of local ordinary (bishop) to collate the candidate and the royal right of patronage. In the 14th century the pope and the Papal curia succeeded to apply even more than in earlier periods the idea of the plenitude of power (plenitudo potestatis) in granting canonries. The system was based upon complex administrative procedure. Firstly, cleric would present a supplication (petition) to the pope asking for a prebend; if the pope answered positively, papal provision would be issued. This bull did not mean that the candidate automatically became a member of the chapter, rather it gave him the necessary tool in his further efforts to be installed canon. The main reason why papal provisions could not be always effective was the fact that not all the offices to which candidates applied were vacant. During the 14th century natural death of a canon and career advancement were the main reasons for vacancy in the Zagreb chapter and most of the candidates had to face the fact that their installment had to be prolonged. To answer this situation Papal curia started issuing provisions of expectancy or provisions with reservations which granted the wanted benefice to the candidate, but only after
the stallum got vacant. By issuing provisions and expectancies, Papal curia effectively applied its authority on the Zagreb chapter canon society. The role of bishops of Zagreb in the process of prebend-granting was redefined – their right of collatio libera was challenged by the papal claims to be the »universal ordinary« that possesses universal jurisdiction and a right to appoint all the vacant cathedral canons. Nevertheless, bishop’s ordinary right of »free« collation remained incorporated into the beneficial system until the end of the period. Connection with Hungarian-Croatian royal curia was also one possibility to acquire canonry. Rulers of the St Stephen’s realm claimed their right to present a candidate onto chapter’s stallum. By using their ius presentandi kings were rewarding clerics who worked in royal chapel, chancery and diplomacy. Ideally, king’s adequate
candidate would be presented to Zagreb bishop or to the metropolitan (an archbishop of Kaloča-Bač), after which the prelate would grant him cathedral prebend. But for the actual appointment papal bull was also required, which too clearly indicates sovereign
character of the papal prebend-granting policy.
Ključne riječi
Chapter of Zagreb; canonries; 14th century; supplications (petitions); papal provisions; Papal curia; collation; ius patronatus; bishop of Zagreb; Hungarian-Croatian king; collective biography (prosopography)
Hrčak ID:
98197
URI
Datum izdavanja:
19.12.2012.
Posjeta: 1.431 *