Izvorni znanstveni članak
Forms and Consequences of Deagrarization in Yugoslav Rural Areas
Vlado Puljiz
; Centar za sociologiju sela, grada i prostora, Institut za društvena istraživanja Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska - Jugoslavija
Sažetak
The movement of the population from agriculture into other activities is a consequence of
the development of the social division of labour. Many of the activities which existed in
embryonic form in the autarky peasant economy evoive into separate branches of activity
through the development of the social division of labour. This leads to the emergence of a
market of goods and services, to interdependence between the various professional
groups of the population, and to the development of towns as centres and promoters of
social and economic progress.
The goods-monetary economy creates among the peasants the need for cash and for additional
earnings. In comparison with Western Europe, industrial development in Yugoslavia
was slow and during the pre-war capitalist period Yugoslav peasants could make additional
earnings only as day-labourers, by tak ing on non-agricultural seasonal jobs, or by
going into employment abroad rather than by taking permanent jobs in industry or some
other activities, and their only aspiration was to return to their farms in the hope of buying
new lands, develop their farms and increase production. The socialist revolution and the
country's development since the war have brought a change in the peasant's attitude to
land. With industry and non-agricultural activities being given full priority, the peasant has
realized that he and his descendants are offered a better future outside agriculture. This
has led to a massive abandonment of agriculture: about 5,500,000 farmers have moved
into non-agricultural activities in Yugoslavia since the war. At first the movement into
non-agricultural activities proceeded directly, without preparations, but in recent years the
school has become the main channel through which the agrarian exodus has been taking
place. Unskilled agricultural workers tend to go into employment abroad rather than to
take jobs in their own country.
Deagrarization has affected the rural areas in many ways: it has disturbed the existing demographic
structures, created social problems among some of the cate gori es of the rural
population, and changed the social and professional composition of the rural communities;
the spatial regrouping of the population has brought many villages into an unfavourable
position in relation to other villages with more promising development prospects; because
of the possibility of extra earnings, inhabitants living on farms tend to give less attention
to agricultural production.
In conclusion the author calls for complex demographic, social and economic policies for
the rural areas which would prevent the adverse effects of deagrarization (which, accumulating for a long time, are now more marked than ever before) from acquiring major proportions
and causing deeper social and economic disturbances.
Ključne riječi
deagrarization; forms of deagrarization (pre-industrial, industrialization - direct and indirect transfer); consequenees of deagrarization (demographic, social, econornic), Yugoslavia
Hrčak ID:
99601
URI
Datum izdavanja:
21.9.2003.
Posjeta: 2.667 *