Prethodno priopćenje
Land Survey and the Structuring of the Stable Cadastre in Dalmatia during the reign of Francis I: The Imperial Patent of 1817 and the „Cadastral and Surveying Instruction” of 1820
Marija Gjurašić
Sažetak
The author describes the formation of the first stable cadastre and the development of Austrian administration in Dalmatia, which was officially annexed to the Habsburg Monarchy after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Following the Imperial Patent of August 3, 1816, this province created a separate Austrian kingdom: the kingdom of Dalmatia, which included Dubrovnik and Kotor, and was directly subjected to the court in Vienna (1816-1918). The Monarchy was interested in Dalmatia only for military and strategic reasons, and the complexity of the state bureaucracy made life difficult for the Dalmatian people. Further confusion in the everyday life of the region was caused by the fact that, at the time of the Second Austrian Administration in Dalmatia, the official languague was Italian [and occasionally even three languages were in use (German, Italian, and Croatian)]. This resulted in peculiar names and jurisdictions of certain governmental institutions, which changed several times due to frequent reorganizations of the bureaucratic apparatus and could sometimes even have multiple meanings (e.g. the institution of the county had a threefold meaning: territorial, administrative, and judicial). Despite all this, a positive reminder of these difficult times in Dalmatian history is the benefit of the land survey and the establishment of the first stable cadastre in Dalmatia, which today still relies on the information gained from the cadastre survey of Francis I (not only in Dalmatia, but also in 75% of the presentday Croatian territory). The trigonometric triangulation of Dalmatia, which is the procedure of land surveying using the system of triangles, began in Zadar in 1822 and ended in 1838 (after several brief interruptions in the period between 1830 and 1834). In order to carry out the survey and to implement the cadastre of Francis I, “Instructions for Officers Involved in the Survey” were published in 1810, and “Cadastral and Surveying Instructions for the Stable Cadastre” in 1818 (Katastral-Vermessungs-Instruktion–Instruktion Stabiler Kataster 1818), which were valid throughout the Habsburg Monarchy, and improved and amended several times. This paper analyzes the “Cadastral and Surveying Instruction” from 1829, which has translated into Croatian. The analysis has revealed great meticulousness, accuracy, scientific approach, and thorough preparation behind the land survey that was to include the entire Monarchy. The “Cadastral and Surveying Instruction” consists of six parts: the first deals with the structure and scope of cadastral administration, as well as its connection to the staff in charge of managing and carrying out the survey. The second part lists the instructions defining the necessary preparations for a detailed survey and the mode of graphic triangulation. The third part deals with the instruments and presents in detail the procedure of surveying land and creating land plots, as well as their registration. The fourth part gives instructions on how to calculate an area of land and compare it to the Austrian and provincial measurements. The fifth part offers instruction regarding the recording of data about the owner and defines what is to be done in case of
collective ownership or if the owner is unknown, and how to ensure that the ownership data are accurate. The “Instruction” thus provides important information not only about the way a cadastral survey was carried out, but also about the structure of ownership and the proprietary and colonate relations in the Monarchy, which makes
it a particularly important historical source. The final part of the “Cadastral and Surveying Instruction” outlines the correct way of drawing and colouring the maps, also defining the alphabet and the writing to be used when filling out protocols and other reports. At the very end, there is a very precise and extremely important instruction on how to store maps, sketches, and protocols, owing to which all the cadastral materials have been preserved until this day.
Ključne riječi
19th century; Habsburg Monarchy; Dalmatia; land registration; geodesists; the Stabile cadastre of Francis I; the Imperial Patent of 1817; the Cadastral and Instruction of 1820
Hrčak ID:
126552
URI
Datum izdavanja:
30.7.2014.
Posjeta: 4.398 *