Šumarski list, Vol. 139 No. 7-8, 2015.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
GENERATIVE AND VEGETATIVE ACTIVITY OF WILD CHERRY (Prunus avium L.) IN A CLONAL SEED ORCHARD
Ida Katičić Bogdan
; Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Karla Švorinić
; Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Saša Bogdan
; Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Davorin Kajba
; Šumarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Sažetak
Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a valuable forest tree species, discontinuously distributed in mixed forests of southern, central and western Europe. Several countries established long-term breeding programs for Wild cherry, to improve the quality and production of its wood. In Croatia, 27 wild cherry trees were selected, on eight phenotypic criteria. These were cloned by grafting and a clonal seed orchard was established in the area of the Forest Office Kutina. For this research, we monitored 14 clones presented with four ramets. Selected ramets were measured over two years; 2010 and 2011. To estimate the vegetative growth we measured the 50 cm height diameter. To estimate the generative activities, one exemplary branch was marked on each ramet. Each selected branch was measured in full length, including the length of its flower and fruit bearing shoots. In April 2010 and 2011 all the flowers were counted on each exemplary branch. In May, all the fruits. The number of flowers and fruits was reduced to 100 cm length (Figure 1, Figure 3). Fruit set was calculated as the ratio of flowers and fruits (Figure 4). For all the traits average coefficients of intraclonal variability are shown for both years (Figure 2). Based on meteorological data for station Kutina in 2009, 2010 and 2011 we calculated parameters for winter inactive temperatures (Winter chilling), and spring temperatures, necessary for the beginning of the vegetation period (Forcing). We used The Chilling Hours model and the Utah model for "Winter chilling" and Growing Degree Days Model for "Forcing" (Luedeling et al. 2013), (Table 2)). The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of some reproductive traits in a sample of wild cherry clones in clonal seed orchard Kutina, correlation between these traits and correlation with vegetative growth. Another aim was to put these relationships into context of the environmental conditions at the time of flowering and fruiting. Statistically significant differences between clones were found for Number of fruits per 100 cm and Fruit set, viewed cumulatively for two years (Table 1). The statistical significance was caused by
differences between clones with extreme values, while most other clones did not differ significantly (Tukey Kramer test). Overall adverse environmental conditions in 2011 (insufficient amount of winter chilling, excessive temperatures and drought in the spring) resulted in lower average fruit set then in 2010, when all of these conditions were more favourable (Table 3). The values of fruit set for 2010 and 2011 were in line with other research, or better, which indicates a satisfactory yield potential of these clones in case of favourable weather conditions, presence of pollinators and pest control. We found statistically significant correlation between Number of flowers per 100 cm and the Number of fruits per 100 cm, and between Fruit set and the Number of fruit per 100 cm for 2010 and 2011. In this study we found no statistically significant correlation between the vegetative growth of the diameter of the whole plant and reproductive characteristics estimated using exemplary branch (Table 3).
Ključne riječi
Intraclonal and interclonal variability; Number of flowers and fruits; Fruit set; Winter chilling; Forcing
Hrčak ID:
146384
URI
Datum izdavanja:
31.8.2015.
Posjeta: 2.100 *