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SOME OLD CHRISTIAN MONOGRAMS AND GLAGOLITIC SIGLA IN CROATIA
Marija s. Agnezija Pantelić
; Staroslavenski zavod, Zagreb
Sažetak
The thesis follows the presence of Christ’s Greek and Latin monograms in sacral art from the Antiquity to the Baroque and further to more recent times, as well as Glagolitic sigla on the parchments of Croatian Glagolitic missals from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
The shortening of the Greek letters in Christ’s nameJ^ I(HCOUC) X(PIC- TOC) appears as early as in the first century in Roman catacombs, and^XP (ICTOC) is found on the shields of soldiers, on sarcophagi and in other places in the fourth century. In Constantinople (Byzantium) the victorious acclamation
IHCOUC XPICTOC - NIKA (Jesus Christ - the Victorious) is shortened, forming
a part of the Greek crossg^. The Latin variant of Constantin’s monogram p and the Latin way of reading the Greek alphabet resulted in the monogram IBS, meaning Jesus Hominum Salvator, which is, sometimes with an addition of a little cross (IMS). still present in the West.
The monogram of the Greek acclamation ’Iesus Khristos - Nika is engraved on the sarcophagus of the first, yet often disputed Archbishop of Split - Ivan Ra- venjanin. Between the eighth century and the eleventh century, there existed three archbishops of Split by the same name. Ioannes episcopus Salonintiae, with his residence in Split, was mentioned as the first archbishop in 787, in the acts of the First Ecumenical Council in Nikeia (R. Katicic). The Latin inscription on the same sarcophagus was designed by mixing the capital and uncial types of Latin characters, which is characteristic of Irish-Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. The traces of the latter can be noticed on the monogram Charlemagne had as the emperor
from 768-814 A.D. This is especially true of the romboid which is also present in the titles of Gallican liturgical books from the Luxeuil Abbey in Burgundy
(the eighth and ninth centuries).
The monogram of the Greek victorious acclamation is revived by the Baroque,
which can be proved by the elements of that style engraved in the gilded paten belonging to the parish archive of Spisic Bukovica near Virovitica. The same beautifully shaped monogram, designed in the USA and containing symmetrical Greek characters, is worn by Sisters Basilians of the Eastern Rite in all countries, including Croatia. A combination of the Greek and Latin elements of Christ’s monogram is painted in capital letters above Mestrovic’s crucifix in St. Mark’s Church in Zagreb, during the renovation of the church from 1937 to 1940.
Glagolitic sigla constitute the first two letters of the Latin acclamation Vere (lignum est (It is right to...) preceding the mass prefaces in Glagolitic missals of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, being a part of the Latin ligature V+D. The sigla are present in all the three types of Latin alphabet: capital, uncial and Gothic. Glagolitic scribes accept the latest Gothic forms, but every scribe adds his own variants. In the time of a rich uncial Romance decoration of those signs (si- gla), miniaturists paint in the middle of the cross Maiestas Domini, which gradually
becomes the painting of the Crucifixion all over the page preceding the Eucharist prayer - the canon. Both in Latin and Glagolitic alphabet, the prayer begins with the letter T (tau), which is similar to a cross: Te igitur... Tebe ubo...
The evolution of the painting of the Crucifixion is linked with Latin (Ebner) and Glagolitic prefatory sigla Vere dignum... (It is right to...). Nevertheless, they are also contained in contemporary missals written in national languages.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
214687
URI
Datum izdavanja:
10.5.1996.
Posjeta: 1.639 *