Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1661006
Conditional vs unconditional cash transfers: a study of poverty demographics in Pakistan
Ayesha Afzal
; Department of Economics, Lahore School of Economics
Mirza Nawazish
; La Rochelle Business School, Excelia Group
Fatima Arshad
; Centre for Research in Economics and Business, Lahore School of Economics
Sažetak
This paper aims to provide a detailed demographic description of poverty in Pakistan with an attempt to highlight those segments of the poor who can be aided to transition out of extreme poverty through appropriate policy measures. Data are collected from the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for the years 1985–2016 and captures falling poverty, gender-wise division of the employed and unemployed, type of employment (self-employed, unpaid workers, employers, employees) by gender, labour participation of vulnerable age groups, as well as unemployed widows. The paper discusses the effectiveness of conditional (CCT) and unconditional (UCT) cash transfer programs across the world and using data indicators, highlights the appropriate target groups in need of such intervention in Pakistan. The existing components of BISP are discussed, with policy recommendations targeted to enhance its impact by focusing UCTs on the most vulnerable segments. CCTs can be used to improve health and education outcomes; given Pakistan’s lagging performance, illiteracy among youth, infant and maternal health are of particular consideration. Cash transfers can be made conditional, subject to regular health checkups for mothers and children and mandatory school attendance to improve these outcomes. The paper further suggests an extension of the program to provide short-term financial relief to the temporarily unemployed.
Ključne riječi
Poverty; demographics; cash transfers; social intervention
Hrčak ID:
229672
URI
Datum izdavanja:
22.1.2019.
Posjeta: 2.511 *