Liječnički vjesnik, Vol. 142 No. 7-8, 2020.
Review article
https://doi.org/10.26800/LV-142-7-8-40
Genital HPV infections in pregnancy
Karla Kovačević
; Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Mihael Skerlev
; Klinika za dermatovenerologiju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
Hrvoje Vrčić
; Klinika za ženske bolesti i porode, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
Petra Kovačević
; Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice
Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić
; Klinika za dermatovenerologiju, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are small, epitheliotropic DNA viruses. More than two hundred different HPV genotypes are known today, of which around forty types cause genital infection. According to their
oncogenic potential the viruses are divided in high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV 16, HPV 18, etc.) and low-risk genotypes (HPV 6, HPV 11, etc.). Genital HPV is most frequently transmitted through contact with infected skin or mucous membranes. Other routes of transmission are via contaminated fomites and autoinoculation. HPV causes genital warts, intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of cervix, vulva, penis or anus.Also, HPV can cause lesions in non-genital areas such as oral cavity, pharynx, throat and esophagus. There is no consensus regarding
the prevalence of HPV during pregnancy, so it varies in different countries between 5.5 % and 65 %. The otential route of HPV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy is known as vertical transmission. Periconceptual transmission of HPV DNA occurs during fertilization, while prenatal transmission happens only during pregnancy.
Most infant HPV infections occur via perinatal transmission during delivery. The incidence of anogenital warts in pregnancy is between 11.6 % and 28.2 %. Anogenital warts increase the risk of infant HPV contamination during delivery. As the incidence of anogenital warts increased in adults, increased incidence was also reported in children. HPV can cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, a disease characterized with laryngeal papillomatosis. In rare cases, total obstruction of airway or progression in carcinoma can occur.
Keywords
PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS – pathology, transmission, virology; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS – pathology, virology; REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFECTIONS – pathology, virology; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES – pathology, transmission, virology; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS – transmission, virology; CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA – therapy, virology; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS – diagnosis, therapy, virology; INFANT; NEWBORN
Hrčak ID:
243294
URI
Publication date:
24.8.2020.
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