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A Comparison of Enjambment in Judita and Davidias
Neven Jovanović
orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-399X
; Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Sažetak
I report how, and to what extent, Marulić uses enjambment in Judita and in the Davidias. To analyze enjambment, it was necessary first to define it and its different subtypes; in this research, on the basis of the kind of syntactic bond that the verse end breaks, I distinguish three types: the least noticeable (the verse end falls at the end of a syntactical unit such as the clause, type 1), and two more pronounced types, where the verse end splits parts of the clause (2a), or even parts of a syntactic unit below the clause (2b). Then I annotated enjambments in digital texts of all of Judita (6 books, 2126 verses) and a sample of the Davidias (3338 of a total of 6764 verses, seven complete books: 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14); the texts are in TEI XML format, with enjambments encoded as values of the @enjamb attribute. The encoded material is freely available for further research as a Zenodo repository marulic-enjambements, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.5625413. The hypothesis was that the Davidias, which follows literary conventions of poetry in Latin, will show more enjambment (of all kinds) than Judita; extensive annotation also made it possible to explore the distribution of enjambment types across the books of the two epic poems – I expected the distribution to be consistent in each poem. The research finds 1522 verses with enjambment (71.6% of all verses) in Judita, 2624 verses with enjambent (78.6% of the sample) in the Davidias. In that respect, the poems are similar. Shares of enjambment types, however, differ. In Judita there is 53% of type 1, 16% of type 2a, only 2,4% of type 2b, while in the Davidias there is only 24.6% of type 1, 33% of type 2a, and 21% of type 2b. Analysis of distribution of enjambment types by individual books reveals that, in Judita, there is not much variation in shares of enjambment types, but the share of 2b rises consistently from book to book, from 1% in Book 1 to 3% in Book 6. In the Davidias, the share of type 2a varies significantly (in a range of 13%, between the 25% in Book 8 and the 37.8% in Book 7); Books 13 and 14 are quite similar in terms of the distribution of enjambment types, while the distribution in Books 7, 8, 9 varies strongly. An important question in the scholarship on enjambment in Judita was whether the feature is something Marulić was forced to use in his desperate search for rhymes (the view was put forward by Petar Skok in 1950) or a consciously chosen expressive device (as proposed by Svetozar Petrović in 1980). This exploration shows that it is important to distinguish different types of enjambments, and to take into account the distribution of enjambments across books. Distribution is the feature by which enjambment in the Davidias differ strongly from that in Judita. The reason for the highly variable distribution of types across the books of the Davidias requires further research; it may be connected with discourse types (speech as opposed to description) or with the subject matter of the story.
Ključne riječi
enjambment; Marko Marulić; epic poetry; neo-Latin epic; Croatian epic; statistical analysis of texts
Hrčak ID:
277982
URI
Datum izdavanja:
10.6.2022.
Posjeta: 1.060 *