Stručni rad
https://doi.org/10.21751/FRM-39-1-2-5
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOTONIA IN INFANCY
Matea Klanac
orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-2145
; Odjel za fizikalnu medicinu i medicinsku rehabilitaciju, Specijalna bolnica za ortopediju Biograd na Moru
Valentina Matijević
orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-2034
; Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Klinički bolnički centar „Sestre milosrdnice“, Zagreb
Jelena Marunica Karšaj
orcid.org/0009-0007-7964-7673
; Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Klinički bolnički centar „Sestre milosrdnice“, Zagreb
*
Velimir Šušak
; Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Klinički bolnički centar „Sestre milosrdnice“, Zagreb
* Dopisni autor.
Sažetak
Hypotonia or reduced muscle tone is a clinical symptom that may indicate numerous systemic diseases and nervous system disorders. Given the wide range of potential causes of hypotonia, it is essential to approach the diagnostic
evaluation of infants systematically and multidisciplinary. Reduced spontaneous and voluntary movements characterize hypotonia, decreased resistance to passive movement of the cervical spine, and upper and lower
extremities, and delays in acquiring motor skills or milestones. A detailed patient medical history, family history, and clinical examination are essential in identifying the underlying cause of hypotonia. Further evaluation of hypotonia is guided by a thorough physiatric and neurologic assessment, which helps distinguish between central and peripheral hypotonia. The most common causes of central hypotonia are intracranial hemorrhage, brain malformations, peroxisomal disorders, endocrine disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, and connective tissue diseases. The most common causes of peripheral hypotonia are lower motoneuron disorders, neuromuscular junction disorders, metabolic myopathies, congenital muscular dystrophies, and myotonic dystrophy. In cases where no underlying disease is found during the diagnostic workup, the condition is referred to as benign congenital hypotonia. An accurate differential diagnosis of hypotonia in infants is essential for further management and prognosis of the condition. Treatment of hypotonia is tailored to the symptoms, and it depends on the underlying cause. Habilitation through motor exercises is an important therapeutic approach that promotes proper motor development to achieve the best possible neurodevelopmental outcome. As cognitive development occurs alongside motor development, hypotonic infants require a multidisciplinary approach to monitoring and treatment. This approach includes collaboration with speech therapists, psychologists, occupational therapists, and educational rehabilitators.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
330728
URI
Datum izdavanja:
4.5.2025.
Posjeta: 0 *