Medicina Fluminensis, Vol. 62 No. 1, 2026.
Pregledni rad
https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2026_343525
Low Back Pain and Neck Pain in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Evaluation, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Jelena Marunica Karšaj
orcid.org/0009-0007-7964-7673
; Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice, Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska
*
Ozren Kubat
; Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb, Klinika za ortopediju, Zagreb, Hrvatska; Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
* Dopisni autor.
Sažetak
The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and neck pain has been an increasing healthcare concern among children and adolescents. Recently, the relationship between pain and being overweight, obesity, sedentary habits, lumbar hyperlordosis, physical activity lack, heavy school bags, and psychosocial difficulties have been outlined. However, vigorous sports activities should not be overlooked as a risk factor. At this age, LBP is a substantial predictor of chronic development. Non-specific LBP is most frequently diagnosed and is defined as pain localized caudal from the posterior costal arch and cranially from the lower gluteal folds with or without symptoms irradiation to the lower extremities, without a clear nociceptive cause. The most prevalent causes of chronic LBP encompass spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, Scheuermann's disease, iliac crest apophysitis, and progressive scoliosis. Text neck syndrome develops in the cervical spine due to prolonged anteflexion caused by increased mobile phone exposure which might lead to earlier intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteomyelitis, intervertebral discitis, vertebral fracture, malignant tumor, septic sacroileitis, epidural abscess, and transverse myelitis are among the specific causes of acute pain. When assessing distinct types of LBP, the nature, localization, chronological sequence of pain, and "red flags" require special attention. Radiological examination must be indicated by differential diagnostics of back disorders, considering the severity and duration of clinical symptoms and signs. The treatment of benign character pain includes a shorter period of relative rest with a program of therapeutic exercises. In addition to individually tailored exercises, advanced scoliosis and kyphosis treatment is provided with orthoses and surgery.
Ključne riječi
adolescent; child; low back pain; neck pain
Hrčak ID:
343525
URI
Datum izdavanja:
1.3.2026.
Posjeta: 267 *