Pregledni rad

https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2026_343560

Joint Hypermobility - Etiology, Classification, Clinical Presentation and Therapeutic Approach

Dubravka Sajković orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-8222 ; Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice, Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Jelena Marunica Karšaj orcid.org/0009-0007-7964-7673 ; Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice, Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska *
Marija Rakovac orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-4938 ; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Frane Grubišić ; Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice, Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Medicinski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Kineziološki fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Simeon Grazio ; Klinički bolnički centar Sestre milosrdnice, Klinika za reumatologiju, fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju, Zagreb, Hrvatska; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Medicinski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska

* Dopisni autor.

Sažetak

Joint hypermobility refers to a joint's (or set of joints') ability to move passively or actively beyond the physiological limits around the axis of motion. Joint hypermobility is classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic; local, peripheral, or generalized. It can be part of a hereditary connective tissue disorder. Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - Hypermobility Type are the most prevalent types of symptomatic joint hypermobility. It is frequently compensated by tense muscles that manifest as cramps, soreness, and fibromyalgia-like symptoms. Joint laxity and instability contribute to localized biomechanical load, resulting in injuries with nociception discomfort. Sometimes it becomes chronic, and diffuse musculoskeletal pain develops through the "central sensitization” mechanism. Central sensitization as a mediator of generalizing hyperalgesia makes patients intolerant of physical exertion and hastens deconditioning. Inadequate proprioception can exacerbate the risk of injury. Patients with joint hypermobility frequently lack sufficient proprioception. Systemic manifestations can be heterogeneous and of different intensities. Various rating scales assess joint hypermobility, each with a distinct cut-off based on age, considering that youngsters have a higher physiological range of motion. This syndrome also includes kinesiophobia, anxiety, depression symptoms, catastrophizing, and cognitive impairment since the affected are unable to acknowledge or comprehend the seriousness of their condition. Physical therapy, orthotic supplies, and cognitive behavioral therapy can optimize their outcomes. Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome have inconsistent clinical presentation, and the absence of a specific diagnostic test, sometimes due to insufficient clinical expertise or previous experience leads to a further missed diagnosis and lack of appropriate therapeutic approach.

Ključne riječi

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; injuries; joint hypermobility; joint pain

Hrčak ID:

343560

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/343560

Datum izdavanja:

1.3.2026.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 294 *