Pregledni rad

Advantages and Limitations of Laboratory Allergy Diagnostics

Slavica Dodig orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-5171 ; Farmaceutsko-biokemijski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska *
Darko Richter orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-9056 ; Dom zdravlja Zagrebačke županije, Ispostava Zaprešić, Hrvatska

* Dopisni autor.

Sažetak

Laboratory diagnostics of allergies has evolved from the initial determination of eosinophil granulocytes count in the blood to more sophisticated, sensitive and specific methods. Advances in diagnostics was the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE), including the determination of the concentration of total IgE (tIgE), and then the concentration of specific IgE (sIgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). At the beginning of the 21st century, more advanced methods began to be used, such as component resolved diagnostics, in which the concentration of sIgE to individual allergen components/molecules is measured, as well as testing the activation of basophil granulocytes ex vivo. Each of the mentioned methods has its diagnostic scope, that is, specific advantages, but also limitations as well. Determination of tIgE is used to screen people with atopy; sIgE indicates the allergens that led to sensitization; component resolved diagnosis detects genuine and cross-reactive allergen molecules. By determining ECP and BAT, the functional ability of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes is examined. The described methods, especially component resolved diagnosis and BAT, significantly help the physician, based on the history, clinical picture and other diagnostic procedures in vivo, to make a diagnosis and apply appropriate therapy. Today, the era of the application of “omics” technologies (e.g. genomics and proteomics) has begun, which, together with artificial intelligence for data analysis, lead to personalized allergy diagnostics.

Ključne riječi

laboratory diagnostics; IgE; component resolved diagnostics; omics technologies; artificial intelligence

Hrčak ID:

343593

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/343593

Datum izdavanja:

20.1.2026.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 399 *