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Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law of the University of Rijeka / Raccolta di scritti della Facoltà di giurisprudenza dell'Università di Rijeka / Gesammelte Schriften der Rechtswissen, Vol. 47 No. 1, 2026.

Review article

https://doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.47.1.16

Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Transformation of Land Registration Procedures: Between Efficiency and Legal Certainty

Josip Dešić orcid id orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-798X ; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law *
Loris Belanić ; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law

* Corresponding author.

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Abstract

The paper analyses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the land registration system, with particular focus on the legal challenges, risks, and regulatory framework arising from the digitalisation of public registers. The application of artificial intelligence in the modernisation of the land registry system brings significant changes, enabling greater digital accuracy, real-time data monitoring, predictive analysis, and proactive process management The analysis begins from the position that the introduction of AI in land registration procedures is not merely a matter of technological modernisation, but primarily a question of legal regulation and the limits of automated processing. This paper defines the concept of artificial intelligence and explores its characteristics in the context of land registration procedures, the fundamental principles of land registration law, and Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the Artificial Intelligence Act). Given the direct impact of land registration procedures on individuals’ property rights, it is assumed that AI systems used in this context can be classified as high-risk under the European regulatory framework, particularly under Article 6 of the AI Act, which entails obligations for human oversight, transparency, documentation of algorithmic processes, and systematic risk management. The paper concludes that the application of AI in land registries is both feasible and beneficial, but only as a supporting tool, accompanied by clearly defined legal standards ensuring that technology remains an aid rather than a substitute for professional human legal judgment.

Keywords

artificial intelligence; land registers; Artificial Intelligence Act; high-risk AI systems; algorithmic and automated decision-making.

Hrčak ID:

346211

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/346211

Publication date:

15.4.2026.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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