Sjemenarstvo, Vol. 36 No. 1-2, 2025.
Stručni rad
https://doi.org/10.33128/s1.36.1-2.4
Application of gamma radiation on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds and its effects on plant growth and development
Monika Vidak
; Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Tomislav Javornik
orcid.org/0009-0007-0595-1955
; Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Boris Lazarević
; Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Klaudija Carović-Stanko
orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-9875
; Agronomski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has high global economic and nutritional value and is a key legume for human consumption, especially in countries with a long tradition of cultivation. Production is increasingly challenged by climatic and agroecological constraints, highlighting the need for innovative methods to improve adaptability and yield. Gamma radiation as a physical mutagen has proven to be an effective tool for increasing genetic variability and improving agronomic traits. At the same time, advances in digital technologies have enabled the development of highthroughput phenotyping, which significantly accelerates and refines the detection of key phenotypic changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of gamma radiation (100 and 150 Gy) on the seeds of three Croatian landraces ('Trešnjevac', 'Biser', and 'Zelenčec'). The study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 in a greenhouse at the University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Biodiversity. Seed germination, morphological changes, and phenotypic traits, including chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral properties, were analyzed. The first generation (2021) showed 100 % germination with the appearance of chimeras and leaf variability, while pod and seed development remained stable. In the second generation (2022), more pronounced morphological changes were observed, including plants lacking a vegetative apex, while morphologically stable plants produced normal pods and seeds. By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and performing multispectral analysis, it was determined that the response varies among cultivars and depends on the radiation dose. Lower radiation doses (100 Gy) increased chlorophyll fluorescence in 'Biser' and 'Trešnjevac', whereas in 'Zelenčec' higher doses (150 Gy) improved most traits; color saturation increased only in 'Trešnjevac' and 'Zelenčec' at 150 Gy. Further research should focus on genotypic stability, mutation expression, and the transmission of desirable traits across multiple generations.
Ključne riječi
germination; high-throughput phenotyping; landraces; morphological traits
Hrčak ID:
346391
URI
Datum izdavanja:
7.4.2026.
Posjeta: 231 *