Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.15644/asc60/2/1
Microhardness and Chemical Composition of Glass Ionomer and Glass Hybrid Cements Modified with Experimental Bioactive Glasses
Antonela Šošić
; Health Center of Split-Dalmatia County, Vrgorac, Croatia
Ivan Šalinović
; University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
*
Ivana Miletić
; University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
Salvatore Sauro
; Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Edificio Odontología, Avda del Pozo S/N, Alfara del Patriarca 46115, Valencia, Spain; Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119146
Ivana Kekez
; University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ana Ivanišević
; University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of bioactive glasses containing a small proportion of fluoride and zinc in lower (BAG1) and higher ratios (BAG2) on the Vickers
microhardness (VHN), surface morphology and chemical composition of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement and glass hybrid cement. Materials and Methods: Fuji IX (Fuji) and EQUIA Forte HT (Equia) were modified with 5 wt% BAG1 and BAG2. Six groups were prepared and stored in distilled water: Fuji, Fuji+ BAG1, Fuji+BAG2, Equia, Equia+ BAG1, and Equia+BAG2. BAG1 and BAG2 were characterized using FTIR. VHN was measured after 24 hours and 7 days. Representative samples from
all groups were stored in phosphate buffered solution and analyzed using SEM-EDS. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and paired t-tests (α = 0.05). Results: Fuji and Fuji+BAG1 showed the highest VHN at both time points, whereas BAG2 significantly reduced microhardness compared to original materials Fuji and Equia (p<0.05). All groups exhibited increased VHN over 7 days (p<0.05). FTIR confirmed the amorphous silicate and fluoride content. SEM-EDS confirmed the absence of crystalline precipitates on the material’s surface when stored in phosphate containing solution. Conclusions: BAG1 preserved or slightly enhanced microhardness, while BAG2 significantly reduced it. There were no crystalline precipitates on original or on materials modified with 5 wt% bioactive glass. Optimizing BAG composition is essential to balance mechanical stability and bioactivity of glass ionomers.
Keywords
Glass Ionomer Cements; Hardness Tests; Fluorides; Zinc; Bioactive glass; Bioactivity; Glass Ionomer Cement; Glass Hybrid Cemen; Microhardness
Hrčak ID:
347613
URI
Publication date:
13.6.2026.
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