Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.64486/m.65.4.11

Study on Thermal Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Model of 316 Stainless Steel for Lightning Rod of Ancient Buildings

Tong Xu ; Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
Jia Zhang ; Mobile Communications Group Zhejiang Co., Ltd. Shaoxing Branch, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China *

* Corresponding author.

Abstract

To address the specific performance requirements of lightning protection materials for ancient buildings, isothermal hot compression experiments were conducted with forged 316LN austenitic stainless steel employing a Gleeble-3500 ther-mal-mechanical simulator. The test matrix covered a strain rate range of (0.001–1) s⁻¹, a deformation temperature interval of (1273–1423) K, and a maximum true strain of 0.7, targeting a comprehensive exploration of the material’s high-temperature flow behaviors. A flow stress constitutive model was construct-ed by integrating the Arrhenius equation, and its predictive performance was val-idated through rigorous comparison with experimental data. Key observations in-dicate that under constant strain rate conditions, elevated deformation tempera-tures lead to reduced compressive stress in the material. This phenomenon is closely linked to enhanced atomic mobility and accelerated dynamic recrystalliza-tion, which collectively induce softening effects. In contrast, at a fixed temperature, higher strain rates result in increased compressive stress, as rapid deformation in-tensifies work hardening to an extent that outweighs dynamic softening. The true stress-true strain curves exhibit a distinct three-stage evolution, rapid ascent, gradual growth, and stabilization with the final stable phase arising from a dy-namic equilibrium between work hardening and dynamic softening mechanisms. This research delivers essential theoretical foundations and practical engineering guidance for refining the hot working processes of 316LN stainless steel specifi-cally tailored to the fabrication of ancient building lightning protection systems.

Keywords

316LN stainless steel; ancient building lightning rods; high-temperature defor-mation behavior; constitutive modeling; Arrhenius equation

Hrčak ID:

347939

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/347939

Publication date:

1.10.2026.

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