Review article
https://doi.org/10.17234/SocEkol.35.2.2
Illegal construction as a threat to sustainable development: Construction and bioethical aspects of environmental degradation
Dino Obradović
; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
Ivica Kelam
; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
*
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
This paper analyses illegal construction as a multidimensional issue that leaves long-term negative consequences on the environment, space, and society as a whole. The paper is based on a qualitative approach through case studies in Croatia, analyzing the causes, institutional weaknesses, and ethical implications. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the paper addresses the legal, construction, and bioethical aspects of this phenomenon, emphasising its contradiction to the principles of sustainable development. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia recognises environmental protection and sustainable development as fundamental values, while this concept is also central to European policies and strategic documents. Despite normative frameworks, illegal construction remains widespread in Croatia, particularly in urban and coastal areas. The causes of illegal building include institutional weaknesses, unresolved property-legal relations, socioeconomic pressures, and a lack of ethical awareness regarding the importance of preserving space. From a construction perspective, the focus is on harmful impacts on soil, natural resources, and quality of life. At the same time, the bioethical analysis emphasises individuals' and communities' responsibility to the environment and future generations. A dedicated section presents case studies of illegal construction from across the Republic of Croatia. In conclusion, the paper offers recommendations to improve the legislative framework, strengthen oversight mechanisms, educate the public, and integrate ethical principles into spatial planning-all to preserve the environment and ensure sustainable development for present and future generations.
Keywords
bioethics; construction; illegal building; sustainable development; environment; soil
Hrčak ID:
349737
URI
Publication date:
24.7.2026.
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