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THE NEED FOR STANDARDIZATION OF MECHANICALLY EXTRACTED RAPESEED AS A BY-PRODUCT FROM BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
Grażyna Bielecka
; National Research Institute of Animal Production, National Feed Laboratory, Lublin, Poland
Jolanta Rubaj
; National Research Institute of Animal Production, National Feed Laboratory, Lublin, Poland
Waldemar Korol
; National Research Institute of Animal Production, National Feed Laboratory, Lublin, Poland
Sažetak
A chemical composition and nutritional value of rapeseed expeller available on the domestic market as feed by-product in bio-fuel production was determined. The following mean basal nutrient values were obtained: dry matter 909 g/kg, crude ash 60.8 g/kg, total protein 322 g/kg, crude fat 111 g/kg, crude fiber 114 g/kg, starch 50.4 g/kg, sugar 90.7 g/kg and fiber fractions: NDF 228 g/kg, ADF 162 g/kg and ADL 63.4 g/kg. Metabolizable energy values were 10.2 MJ/kg for poultry and 14.6 MJ/kg for swine. Amino acid contents ofrapeseed expeller appeared to be similar to those in literature. Study results indicate the need for standardization of rapeseed expeller in reference to fat content: low fat (100 g/kg) and high fat (240 g/kg). Concentrations of macroelements: calcium 6.68 g/kg, phosphorus 9.05 g/kg, magnesium 3.84 g/kg,sodium 21.5 mg/kg, potassium 12.0 g/kg and microelements: iron (166 mg/kg), manganese (61.8 mg/kg), zinc (55.8 mg/kg),copper (3.06 mg/kg), cobalt (0.21 mg/kg), molybdenum (0.45 mg/kg), selenium (0.16 mg/kg) and iodine 0.11 mg/kg in most cases were similar to literature data. Undesirable and hazardous substances such as heavy metals (cadmium 0.05 mg/kg, lead 0.13 mg/kg) and other elements (arsenic < 0.1 mg/kg;fluorine < 1.0 mg/kg), mycotoxins (ochratoxin A 7.1 μg/kg , zearalenon 35.2 μg/kg, and deoxynivalenol 108 μg/kg) appeared to be many times lower than permissible limits, which confirmed that studied mechanically extracted rapeseed was valuable and safe feed material.
Ključne riječi
rapeseed expeller; nutrient; undesirable substance; standardization
Hrčak ID:
39700
URI
Datum izdavanja:
6.5.2009.
Posjeta: 1.319 *