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Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Vol. 16 , 2026.

Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3226

Electropolymerized poly(methylene blue)-modified graphite electrode for phosphate detection

Ana Lucia Ferreira de Barros orcid id orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-8282 ; Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *
Leandro Marques Samyn ; Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Vernan Lima ; Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rajendran Suresh Babu ; Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics (LaFEA), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Av. Maracanã, 229, 20270-110, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

* Corresponding author.

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Abstract

A graphite electrode modified with an electropolymerized poly(methylene blue) (PMB) film was prepared and evaluated as an electroanalytical platform for phosphate detection in aqu­eous media. The PMB layer was deposited on graphite by potentiodynamic electro-poly­me­rization via cyclic voltammetry and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electro­che­mical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infra­red spec­tro­scopy. Compared to the bare graphite electrode, the modified surface exhibited impro­ved interfacial electrochemical properties and an increased electroactive surface area. The elec­troanalytical response toward phosphate was investigated using differ­en­tial pulse voltam­metry (DPV), chronoamperometry and CV, revealing a linear response in the concen­tra­tion range from 50 to 475 mM, as determined from DPV and chronoampero­metric measu­re­ments. The modified electrode showed good reproducibility, low interference from common inor­ga­nic ions, and satisfactory performance in real water samples, with recovery values close to 100 %. These results demonstrate that the PMB-modified graphite electrode constitutes a sim­ple and reliable electroanalytical approach for phosphate determination in environmental samples.

Keywords

Electroanalysis; indirect sensing; electrochemical sensor; redox-active polymer; environmental monitoring

Hrčak ID:

344836

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/344836

Publication date:

23.2.2026.

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