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Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Vol. 16 , 2026.

Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.3213

Sm/UiO-66 Modified Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Ethambutol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Urine

Pham Thi Huyen Thoa ; University of Sciences, Hue University
Nguyen Quang Man ; University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
Phan Tu Quy ; Tay Nguyen University
Nguyen Chi Bao ; Hue University
Le Van Thanh Son ; The University of Danang
Le Lam Son ; University of Sciences, Hue University
Dao Ngoc Nhiem ; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Dinh Quang Khieu ; HU-University of Sciences, Hue, Vietnam *

* Corresponding author.

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Abstract

and used as an electrode modifier for detecting ethambutol hydrochloride. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electro­chemical impedance spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of etham­butol at the Sm/UiO-66 modified glassy carbon electrode was examined using cyclic voltam­metry and differential pulse voltammetry. The Sm/UiO-66-modified electrode exhibited a strong electrocatalytic response toward ethambutol oxidation, with a clearly defined anodic peak current. Under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a linear response in the 0.5 to 9.9 µM concentration range with a detection limit of 0.23 µM. The sensor demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD < 3.5 %, n = 10), stability over one week, and high selectivity against common interfering substances. Notably, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine ethambutol in three pharmaceutical and three human urine samples, with exceptional recoveries. The proposed Sm/UiO-66 modified electrode is a reliable, sensitive, and selective tool for ethambutol analysis. This method can serve as a practical alternative or complementary approach for routine pharmaceutical quality control and therapeutic monitoring in tuberculosis treatment.

Keywords

Electrochemical sensor; modified glassy carbon; samarium doping; ethambutol detection; real sample analysis

Hrčak ID:

346196

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/346196

Publication date:

25.2.2026.

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