Review article

https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2026_346496

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Pharmacotherapy Challenges and Advances

Mirjana Kalauz ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Internal medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zagreb, Croatia *
Zmarak Kahn ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
Matija Kalauz ; Terra Medica Clinic, Pula, Croatia; Emergency Medical Services of Karlovac County, Karlovac, Croatia
Zlatko Marušić ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Pathology, Zagreb, Croatia

* Corresponding author.

Abstract

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by oesophageal dysfunction, Th2-driven inflammation, and tissue remodelling. Current pharmacological treatments, including proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids and biologics offer varying efficacy and are often limited by relapse, adherence issues and incomplete symptom resolution. Dupilumab, targeting IL-4/IL-13 pathways, shows the most promising results to date, particularly in refractory cases. Novel biologics are under investigati aiming to address unmet needs in personalised EoE therapy. Despite advances, treatment selection remains complex and should be individualised. Future research should focus on biomarkers, long-term safety and optimising treatment access.

Keywords

biological products; eosinophilic esophagitis; glucocorticoids; proton pump inhibitors

Hrčak ID:

346496

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/346496

Publication date:

1.6.2026.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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