Metallurgy, Vol. 66 No. 2, 2027.
Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.64486/m.66.2.6
Die-Forging Process Design and Forming-Load Optimization for a G55 Wheel-Hub-Bearing Inner Ring
J. H. Huang
; School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
*
B. Zhang
; School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
Z. L. Liao
; School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
H. B. Fu
; Zhejiang Zhaofeng Mechanical and Electronic Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311231, China
H. P. Ma
; School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
This study characterized the hot-deformation behavior of G55 steel used in wheel-hub-bearing inner rings and obtained true stress-strain curves from compression tests. A three-stage die-forging route, comprising upsetting, pre-forging, and final forging, was simulated in DEFORM-3D. An L₉(3³) orthogonal design with a smaller-the-better signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis was used to reduce the maximum forming load. The influence of the investigated factors decreased in the order initial billet temperature, shear-friction factor, and upper-die velocity. The lowest simulated load was 1.29 × 10⁷ N at 1200 °C, a friction factor of 0.3, and an upper-die velocity of 100 mm·s⁻¹. Trial forgings produced under these conditions were fully filled and showed no visible surface defects. The optimized process therefore provides a feasible process window for manufacturing the investigated inner ring.
Keywords
G55 steel; wheel-hub-bearing inner ring; die forging; finite-element simulation; orthogonal design; forming load
Hrčak ID:
352425
URI
Publication date:
1.4.2027.
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