Review article
Jelka Pleadin
orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-0462
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut
Nina Kudumija
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut
Jadranka Frece
; Prehrambeno - biotehnološki fakultet
Danijela Petrović
; Agronomski i Prehrambeno - tehnološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Mostaru
Ksenija Markov
; Prehrambeno - biotehnološki fakultet
Abstract
Mycotoxins are common contaminants of food and feed, primarily cereals and cereal-based products. Among them citrinin represents a mycotoxin from the group of polyketides synthesized by moulds of the genus Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. viridicatum, P. expansum, P. notatum), Aspergillus and Monascus. P. citrinum as a mould most characteristic for the production of the citrinin is very widespread and can be isolated from a large number of food and feed products. The toxicity of citrinin was not examined in detail, and there is not enough data to indicate toxic effects in humans. However, some animal species confirmed its nephrotoxicity, embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and genotoxicity. Due to insufficient evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the citrinin in group 3, as the compound that can not be classified as a human carcinogen. Given the scarcity of data, further research of its toxicity, bioavailability in food and feed, and persistence in the tissues of humans and animals as a result of exposure to contaminated food or feed, are required. Since the contamination also with this toxin is almost inevitable, that requires a systematic monitoring of raw materials and finished products intended for human consumption or animal feed production, as well as defining the maximum levels for different types of products through legislation.
Keywords
citrinin; contamination; food; feed; toxicity; prevention; reduction; control
Hrčak ID:
154794
URI
Publication date:
31.12.2015.
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