Medicinski vjesnik, Vol. 42 No. (3-4), 2010.
Review article
Urolithiasis and osteoporosis: clinical relevance and therapeutic implications
Ines Bilić-Ćurčić
Tomislav Kizivat
Jasminka Milas-Ahić
Martina Smolić
Robert Smolić
Ivan Mihaljević
Antun Tucak
Abstract
Several clinical and epidemiological studies revealed increased bone turnover and lower bone mass in patients with urolithiasis. Bone mass loss is particularly evident in idiopathic calcium stone formers. However, pathogenetic mechanisms and factors implicated in bone loss in these patients are still unknown. Dietary calcium restriction, increased intake of salt and animal proteins, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are likely risk factors, while role of inflammatory cytokines, osteopontin and prostaglandin mediated bone resorption is yet to be determined. Regarding treatment and prevention, it has been proven that calcium supplements and high calcium diet with the addition ot potassium alkali have an important role in prevention and treatment of both, urolithiasis and osteoporosis. Thiazide diuretics reduce hypercalciuria in renal tubules, and in addition promote osteoblast differentiation. Finally, bisphosphonates, a commonly used drugs in treatment of osteoporosis, show the potential to inhibit calcium stone formation, whereas a possible protective effect of antioxidants in bone loss and renal injury needs to be investigated further.
Keywords
Bone density - physiology, immunology, drug effects; Hypercalciuria - diagnosis, etiology, physiopathology, classification, complications, metabolism, prevention & control, urine; Osteoporosis - etiology, physiopathology, complications, therapy, drug therapy, diet therapy, prevention & control; Prevention & control; Urolithiasis - diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, complications, diet therapy, prevention & control, urine
Hrčak ID:
191930
URI
Publication date:
1.12.2010.
Visits: 1.002 *