Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.31953/sz.45.1.6
ANDREW ARCHIBALD PATON: LIKA AND SENJ IN A TRAVELOGUE FROM 1849
Juraj Lokmer
Abstract
The great interest of English travel writers from the end of the 18th century, and especially
from the beginning and mid-19th century in the Eastern Adriatic coast culminated at the end
of it and at the beginning of the 20th century. The motives for travelling were varied: from the
familiarisation of "exotic" regions, the discovery of unknown European cultural heritage, all the
way to the targeted recording of the conditions and relationships of political powers in the Austrian
Empire, its relationship with the neighbouring Ottoman Empire, and the strengthening of the selfconfidence
of the Slavic peoples in relation to the Hungarian and Austrian hegemony and the Slavic
peoples in the Ottoman Empire. British diplomat, secret intelligence officer of the British Embassy
in Vienna, with significant military-diplomatic experience in the Middle East (Syria, Egypt) and
in Serbia, Andrew Archibald Paton (1811-1874) travelled, in 1846 and 1847, the Eastern Adriatic
coast, the Dalmatian Hinterland (Zagora) and Lika primarily with the task of gathering information
about the material condition of that part of the Austrian Empire, especially the Adriatic ports. He
began the journey began by carriage from Vienna to Zadar, continued to Kotor, visited Montenegro
and returned to Zadar from where, via Lika, he travelled to Rijeka, Trieste and ended in Graz and
Vienna. He was the first Briton to visit the interior of Croatia, particularly the Military Frontier and
Lika. Exploring these regions Paton described with documentary precision the people and regions
with words and pictures, he noted some details from the cultural heritage and local history, which
he mostly gleaned from the travelogues of previous visitors and literature which he was able to
consult in Vienna. He also described the natural phenomena (Plitvice Lakes) and the beauty of the
landscape (Plješivica, Velebit) for which he also demonstrated a fair amount of literary penchant.
Particularly interesting are his descriptions of the towns (Gospić, Otočac, Senj), as well as smaller
places – villages (Vrhovine, Korenica, Zavalje). He published this in a major work: Highlands and
islands of the Adriatic: including Dalmatia, Croatia, and the Southern Provinces of the Austrian
Empire Highlands and islands of the Adriatic: including Dalmatia, Croatia, and the Southern
Provinces of the Austrian Empire, Volumes 1 and 2, which he published in London in 1849. This
work by received well by the business, political and public readership and by 1862 Paton published
an expanded edition in London - Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic; or, Contributions
to the Modern History of Hungary and Transylvania, Dalmatia and Croatia, Servia and Bulgaria
2 volumes, in which Paton describes the geographical-historical look of South East Europe, his
observations, especially the economic and political views of the existing conditions and future of
these countries. Paton’s description of Lika and Senj is not extensive, but it is concise, critical and
full of personal ponderings about the current situation, as well as the potentials of these regions.
His descriptions are invaluable information and testimonies about the regions and people, and
they are not only historical documents, but it is also an insight into the views and thoughts of
others, foreigners about these regions and peoples. It is the documentation which significantly
influenced and gradually formed the public opinion of the English-speaking regions and further
afield. For us today these attitudes and thoughts are slightly strange, often incomprehensible and
unacceptable, and so they significantly influenced the political decisions of Anglo-Saxon countries
(Great Britain, the USA), and of their adherents in the past, and they can also be recognised in the
political, economic and cultural intentions and procedures of these countries, especially of Great
Britain. In this paper the author provides a translation of parts of this work with descriptions of
Lika and the town of Senj with comments and the necessary explanations, plus a quite extensive
bibliography of British and American authors who had visited and written about the Croatian
regions from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
Keywords
Lika; Gospić; Otočac; Plitvice Lakes; Zavalje; the town of Senj; the Military Frontier
Hrčak ID:
214566
URI
Publication date:
27.12.2018.
Visits: 2.751 *