Review article
Hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis during and after physical activity: is there a connection?
Marina Milaković
; Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo
Marta Pezić
; Specijalna bolnica Naftalan
Abstract
The aim of the study was to review the current evidence on association of exercise-associated hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis that may occur after prolonged or intensive exercise. In order to retrieve relevant research articles comprehensive PubMed literature search was undertaken. After reviewing available abstracts, eight relevant research studies regarding exercise associated hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis were included in the present review: four original research articles and four case reports. In most case reports, hyponatremia preceded an increase in serum CK levels which could potentially indicate predisposing or augmentative role of hyponatremia on muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis. The pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie muscle damage in hyponatremia include hypoosmolar swelling of the cell and disruptions of transmembrane ion transport. Only one original scientific study showed that athletes with hyponatremia were more likely to develop rhabdomyolysis than those with normal serum sodium levels.
Only a small number of available scientific publications, different research methodologies and rhabdomyolysis case definitions, as well as the presence of one or more factors that could independently lead to hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis, make currently prevent definitive conclusions about the relationship of these conditions.
Keywords
Hyponatremia, Rhabdomyolysis, Physical activity, Sodium, Creatin kinase
Hrčak ID:
263073
URI
Publication date:
30.7.2021.
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