Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2022.61.02.08

Efficacy of a Lipid-Lowering Diet on Key Fatty Acid Ratios and Omega-3 Index in Hyperlipidemic Subjects

Danijela Ristić-Medić orcid.org/0000-0002-7041-4220 ; Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Snježana Petrović orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-9777 ; Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Marija Takić ; Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Vesna Vučić orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-594X ; Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Aleksandra Arsić ; Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Slavica Rađen ; Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
Marija Glibetić ; Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dietary intake, status and serum key fatty acid
(FA) ratios may aid in cardiovascular disease-related risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of lipid-lowering diet on key FA ratios in serum phospholipids and omega-3 index in
erythrocyte phospholipids in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. The study included 41 subjects, mean
age 56±6 years. Nutritional habits were evaluated by food frequency questionnaire. Participants followed
lipid lowering diet for 12 weeks. Energy intake of omega-6 and omega-3 FA was changed from 7.6%
and 0.6% to 5.7% and 1.2%, respectively. Marked decrease in four FA ratios in serum phospholipids,
i.e., omega-6/omega-3, arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), AA/docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA), AA/(EPA+DHA) and omega-3 index (EPA+DHA) was found in study subjects after lipid-
lowering diet. Total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/
HDL and triacylglycerol/HDL-cholesterol ratios positively correlated with all FA ratios, and negatively
correlated with total omega-3 levels in serum phospholipids and omega-3 index in erythrocytes. Total
serum omega-3 levels showed strongest association with lipoprotein ratios and positive correlation with
homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index. In conclusion, lipid-lowering diet resulted in decreased
serum key FA ratios, increased omega-3 levels, and improved insulin sensitivity that may lead to a lower
risk of cardiovascular disease in subjects with moderate hyperlipidemia.

Keywords

Fatty acid ratio; Hyperlipidemia; Lipid-lowering diet; Omega 3-index; TG/HDL

Hrčak ID:

284688

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/284688

Publication date:

1.8.2022.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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