Veterinarska stanica, Vol. 56 No. 2, 2025.
Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.56.2.10
Antibiotic residues in non-targeted animal feed – development of a sensitive LC-MS/MS methodology
Ivana Varenina
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Nina Bilandžić
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Blaženka Kos
; Prehrambeno biotehnološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Ines Varga
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Marija Sedak
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Božica Solomun Kolanović
; Hrvatki veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Bruno Čalopek
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Maja Đokić
orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-6208
; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska
*
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
Antimicrobial substances are used on farms for therapeutic, prophylactic, or growth-promoting purposes. Antibiotic residues can be detected in animal feed due to unauthorised use for prophylaxis and as growth promoters, or as a result of unintentional cross-contamination during feed production. The presence of antibiotic residues in food has been linked to allergic reactions, gut microbiota imbalance, development of antibacterial resistance, or potential toxic effects. A multi-residue method was developed for the detection and quantification of 43 analytes from 9 antibiotic classes (penicillins (2), quinolones (2), macrolides (3), lincosamides (1), phenicols (2), pleuromutilins (2), tetracyclines (4), sulfonamides (25), quinoxalines (2)) in animal feed. The method was designed for feed samples with varying contents and particle sizes. Extraction and purification were based on the addition of organic solvents and the solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup method to achieve the best analyte response. Antibiotics were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) within 17 minutes in positive and negative scan modes. Average recovery rates ranged from 75.7% (sulfamethazine) to 121.3% (carbadox) with corresponding relative standard deviations of 9.2% and 49.6%. The method is suitable for screening antibiotic contamination in animal feed in the range from 1 to 50 μg/kg and for confirming substances in the range from 10 to 1000 μg/kg. A significant matrix effect was observed when comparing the analysed signals between different feeds, indicating the necessity of using a matrix calibration curve and a standard addition method.
Keywords
feed; antibiotic residues; cross-contamination; LC-MS/MS
Hrčak ID:
319625
URI
Publication date:
14.8.2024.
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