INDECS, Vol. 23 No. 5, 2025.
Review article
https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.23.5.5
Artificial Intelligence as a Driver of Change: A Review of Barriers, Opportunities, and EU Regulatory Frameworks with Implications for Croatia
Ana Babić
orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-9022
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Rijeka, Croatia
*
Anamarija Zron
orcid.org/0009-0004-7265-4633
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Rijeka, Croatia
Biljana Marković
orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-1881
; University North, Koprivnica, Croatia
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the barriers, perspectives, and regulatory reactions to the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Sudden technological advancements and extensive application of AI are initiating profound change, but also pose questions, especially in the labor market. Workers are concerned about losing their jobs, while consumers have been inquiring about the responsibility of an AI system when it makes an incorrect decision. Small firms are uncertain about how to utilize AI in their businesses, whereas startups in the AI sector often struggle to secure the necessary resources and skilled professionals. Simultaneously, rising international competition is compelling organizations to adapt rapidly to remain competitive in the market. In parallel, technology has profoundly transformed the economy and society, optimizing business processes, reducing operational costs, and significantly enhancing organizational productivity and efficiency. Besides these arguments, AI implementation also presents additional challenges to privacy, ethics, regulation, and security. In this context, the risks associated with the AI Act, as a potential global legal standard, have been analyzed. Its practical effectiveness will ultimately depend on accurate risk assessments and the capacity to adapt to future technological innovations. Despite the challenges, AI represents an extraordinary opportunity to redefine human potential and fundamentally transform the way we live and work. With appropriate regulation and responsible implementation, AI can become a pivotal tool in building a more sustainable and innovation-driven society – one in which technology is not merely an instrument but a partner in shaping a better future.
Keywords
artificial intelligence; legal norms; technological change; labor impact
Hrčak ID:
337374
URI
Publication date:
31.10.2025.
Visits: 417 *