Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.15644/asc59/4/3
Influence of Propolis Extract on Bleaching Effectiveness and Enamel Physical Properties
Julliana Andrade da Silva
; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry (FOP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
Renan Alves e Cavalheiro
; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry (FOP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
Daniela Moreira dos Santos
; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry (FOP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry (FOP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry (FOP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
*
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of propolis extract on dental enamel following tooth, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and Methods: Sixty bovine enamel specimens were divided into six groups: Artificial Saliva (Control); Whiteness HP35% (HP35%); Whiteness HP35% + potassium nitrate desensitizer (HP35%+KF); Whiteness HP35% + potassium nitrate desensitizer + propolis extract (HP35%+KF+P); Whiteness HP35% + neutral fluoride + propolis extract (HP35%+F+P); and Whiteness HP35% + propolis extract (HP35%+P). The in-office bleaching protocol consisted of three sessions (3 × 15 minutes). Color change (ΔE*, ΔE00, ΔWID), surface roughness (Ra), and microhardness (KHN) were evaluated at baseline (T1) and after 24 hours (T2). Color parameters were analyzed using generalized linear models (p ≤ 0.05), and Ra and KHN were assessed using a generalized linear mixed model for repeated measures (p ≤ 0.05). Results: All HP-treated groups showed significantly greater color change compared to the control group. Surface roughness increased after bleaching; however, groups treated with desensitizers, fluoride, and/or propolis showed lower Ra values at T
2 compared to baseline. For microhardness, only the HP35%+KF+P group maintained KHN values comparable to the control group after bleaching. Conclusion: Propolis extract did not compromise the whitening efficacy or negatively affect enamel surface roughness or microhardness following treatment with high-concentration hydrogen peroxide.
Keywords
Tooth Bleaching; Hydrogen Peroxide; Propolis; Dental Enamel; Hardness; Color; Surface Properties; Dental Bleaching; Peroxide
Hrčak ID:
341914
URI
Publication date:
26.12.2025.
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