Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies

Aljaafreh, Jafar M.; Khalili, Fawwaz I.; Mousa, Marwan Suleiman; Alnasra, Omar Alaa; Sobola, Dinara; Zhu, Guo-Zhen; Lisichkov, Kiril; Kitanovski, Tome; Jaber, Ahmad M. D. Assa’d; Alqudah, Ziad M.; Abuamr, Adel M.

doi:10.15255/KUI.2026.003

Chemistry in Industry : Journal of Chemists and Chemical Engineers of Croatia, Vol. 75 No. 9-10, 2026.

Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies

Jafar M. Aljaafreh ; Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Fawwaz I. Khalili ; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Marwan Suleiman Mousa ; Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Jadara University, Irbid 21 110, Jordan
Omar Alaa Alnasra ; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Jerash Private University, Jerash, Jordan
Dinara Sobola ; Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno, University of Technology, 61 600 Brno, Czech Republic
Guo-Zhen Zhu ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
Kiril Lisichkov ; Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia
Tome Kitanovski orcid.org/0009-0001-6095-037X ; Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje, N. Macedonia *
Ahmad M. D. Assa’d Jaber ; Department of Basic Humanities and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Aqaba Medical Sciences University, Aqaba 77 110, Jordan
Ziad M. Alqudah ; Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Amman 11 934, Jordan
Adel M. Abuamr ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada

* Corresponding author.

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APA 6th Edition

Aljaafreh, J.M., Khalili, F.I., Mousa, M.S., Alnasra, O.A., Sobola, D., Zhu, G., ... Abuamr, A.M. (2026). Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies. Kemija u industriji, 75 (9-10), 485-498. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

MLA 8th Edition

Aljaafreh, Jafar M., et al. "Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies." Kemija u industriji, vol. 75, no. 9-10, 2026, pp. 485-498. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003. Accessed 19 Sep. 2026.

Chicago 17th Edition

Aljaafreh, Jafar M., Fawwaz I. Khalili, Marwan Suleiman Mousa, Omar Alaa Alnasra, Dinara Sobola, Guo-Zhen Zhu, Kiril Lisichkov, et al. "Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies." Kemija u industriji 75, no. 9-10 (2026): 485-498. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

Harvard

Aljaafreh, J.M., et al. (2026). 'Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies', Kemija u industriji, 75(9-10), pp. 485-498. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

Vancouver

Aljaafreh JM, Khalili FI, Mousa MS, Alnasra OA, Sobola D, Zhu G, et al. Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies. Kemija u industriji [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 September 19];75(9-10):485-498. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

IEEE

J.M. Aljaafreh, et al., "Chemically Modified Pine Bark as a Sustainable and Low-Cost Biosorbent for Efficient Th(IV) Removal from Water: Characterisation, Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies", Kemija u industriji, vol.75, no. 9-10, pp. 485-498, 2026. [Online]. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2026.003

Abstract

The adsorption behaviour of thorium (Th(IV)) ions on modified pine bark (MPB) was systematically investigated with respect to pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time. Kinetic evaluation using the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model indicated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qₑ) of MPB, measured at pH 3, achieved a maximum uptake of approximately 90 %, with a qₑ value of 12.97 mg g⁻¹ at 25 °C. Adsorption isotherm analysis was conducted utilising Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models.
The Langmuir model showed a better correlation (R²) than the Freundlich model, suggesting monolayer adsorption with a degree of surface heterogeneity. Thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy (∆H°), entropy (∆S°), and Gibbs free energy (∆G°), were calculated at different temperatures. At 25 °C, the thermodynamic values were ∆H° = 83.10 kJ mol⁻¹, ∆G° = −6.58 kJ mol⁻¹, and ∆S° = 301.18 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. These results confirm that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with an increase in entropy. Overall, MPB exhibited significant potential as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Th(IV) ions from aqueous solutions.