Original scientific paper
Vertical force and torque analysis during manual root canal preparation on the full working length with Endo-Eze and step back technique
Snježana Glavičić
orcid.org/0009-0009-2560-8251
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Ivica Anić
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of stomatology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Alen Braut
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Daniela Kovačević Pavičić
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Vlatka Lajnert
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Ivana Miletić
; Department of endodoncy and restaurative stomatology, Faculty of stomatology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Objective: Measure and compare the values of vertical force and torque produced
by steel hand instruments during Endo-Eze and step back instrumentation techniques on
the full working length. Methods: The study was conducted on 40 extracted human mandibular
incisors with one single straight canal, divided into two groups of 20 each. The root
canals were instrumented with hand Endo-Eze instruments, and K reamer, K and H files. Vertical
forces and torque were measured by specially designed device. Values are expressed as
median and range. Statistical analysis was made using the Mann-Whitney U-test, P <0.05.
Results: Vertical force and torque in the step back technique are highest in K files size 25
(3.58 N force, torque 1.31 Nmm) and lowest in H files size 15 (force 0.14 N; moment of 0.02
Nmm). The H file size 15 has showed statistically lower values of the vertical force median
compared to size 15 K and 20 reamers, P = 0,006 and P‹0,001 respectively, and compared to
size 15 and 20 K files, P = 0,002 and P = 0,001 respectively. In Endo-Eze highest force and
torque are the instrument with a size 25 (4.24 N force, torque 1.31 Nmm). The minimum
value is the instrument with a size15 (1.7 N force, torque 0.44 Nmm). In Endo-Eze instrument
size 25 had statistically bigger torque than instrument size 15 (P ‹0.001) and size 20 (P
= 0.014) and statistically higher force values than instrument size 15(P ‹0.001). Conclusion:
The median vertical force and torque is greater in the reamer, and minimum in H files. In
Endo-Eze instruments median value of force and torque increase following the increase in
instrument diameter. The load values varies depending on different instruments sequence,
instruments construction and various instrumentation movements.
Keywords
endodontics; End-Eze technique; torque; root canal preparation; step back technique; vertical force
Hrčak ID:
66092
URI
Publication date:
7.3.2011.
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