Pregledni rad
PROSPECTS AND LIMITS OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES IN ORGANIC FARMING
Stefan Kühne
; Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Julius Kühn-Institute Kleinmachnow, Germany
Sažetak
Organic agriculture has experienced rapid worldwide growth with the highest growth occurring in the United States, where organic sales grew by $12,2 billion. Recently, organic production of export cash crops of coffee, cocoa, and cotton has increased rapidly. In developed countries, organic fruit and vegetable production has expended to serve local and export markets. The increasing expansion of organic farming has considerable consequences for plant protection. In spite of preventative measures, an outbreak of pests can substantially reduce quality and yield. For this reason the application of plant protection products is an important element of direct regulation measures. Natural insecticides are generally less stable than synthetic materials and decompose quickly in the environment, meaning that they are also less potent and have shorter residual periods than their synthetic counterparts. Therefore, satisfactory arthropod pest management can only be achieved when insecticide use is integrated with other strategies. These include timing of applications to minimize harmful effects on beneficial organisms. One of the major barriers to commercialization of new, selective insecticides made of natural substances is that there generally must be a large marketing base in conventional plant protection to cover the high costs associated with obtaining marketing approval. If the quality and efficacy of natural products like teas, extracts and fermentation products could be enhanced by commercial research and development programs, better solutions for some typical problems of plant protection in organic farming could be found.
Ključne riječi
biological control agents; conservation biological control; organic insecticides
Hrčak ID:
30463
URI
Datum izdavanja:
4.12.2008.
Posjeta: 4.150 *