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INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF (ZEA MAYS L.) MAIZE GRAIN

Monika Marković ; Poljoprivredni fakultet Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera u Osijeku, Osijek, Hrvatska

Sažetak

The three years’ research (from 2010 to 2012), conducted on a trial field of the Institute of Agriculture in Osijek, is a part of a long stationary experiment. The objective of the research was the impact of irrigation (main factor, A), nitrogen fertilization (second factor, B),and the genotype (third factor, C) on the grain yield and the quality of maize hybrids (Zea mays L). The irrigation scheduling was the main factor where A1 treatment was the control, rain-fed plot. In A2 treatment the soil water content was 60-100% of the field water capacity (FWC), while in the A3 treatment the soil water content was 80 to 100% FWC. Nitrogen fertilization as a sub factor, consisted of the three levels where B1 was the control treatment (0 kg N ha-1). In B2 treatment 100 kg N ha-1 was added, while in B3 treatment 200 kg N ha-1. Fall application (1/3 of all nitrogen) was in the form of UREA. The same amount of nitrogen was applied in the pre-sowing period. During the vegetation period, two side dressings with CAN were carried out. The first side dressing (1/6 of nitrogen) was done by cultivating the maize in 6-8 leaves phase, while the second one in 8 to 10 leaves phase (1/6 of nitrogen). Four maize hybrids (FAO 500 and 600) were used in the research, C1=OSSK596, C2=OSSK617, C3=OSSK602 and C4=OSSK552. The maize was irrigated by a traveling sprinkler system. The moment of irrigation was set by measuring soil moisture with the Watermark sensor (gypsum block). During the period of the research the weather conditions significantly varied, especially concerning the amount of precipitation. The year 2010 stands out as extremely wet (rainy), when a natural disaster of flood was proclaimed, due to high amount of precipitation, which had an influence on the results of the research. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences in yield in all three years of the research. Grain yield was higher as amount of irrigation water was higher, with an exception of the year 2010, when the highest yield (9.24 t ha) was achieved at the irrigation control plots (A1). The most distinctive impact the irrigation had on maize yield was during the very warm and very dry growth period of the year 2012. The impact of irrigation on grain chemical compounds differed in each year of the research. The amount of protein in grain was reduced by increasing soil water content in both irrigation treatments (2010 and 2012) which is the opposite to starch and oil content. The most distinctive increase of the amount of starch was noted in 2012. With the increase of irrigation water, the hectolitre weight of maize grew, while the absolute weight was decreased. Nitrogen fertilization significantly influenced the grain yield, the protein content, as well as the hectolitre and absolute weights in all three years of research. Maize hybrid had a highly significant impact on all tested characteristics during the three year research. The course and the strength of correlation was year dependent, most of all on account of the weather conditions in the year 2010.

Ključne riječi

irrigation; nitrogen fertilization; genotype; yield; chemical compounds

Hrčak ID:

123393

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/123393

Datum izdavanja:

18.6.2014.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 1.765 *