Stručni rad
SHEEP INDUSTRY IN ISRAEL
Haim Leibovich
; Ministarstvo poljoprivrede Izraela, Savjetodavna služba, Odjel za koze i ovce, Izrael
Sažetak
Activity lsrael sheep production perform through two breeding systems, extensive and intensive. Extensive system form part of 150 000 animals located in 1200 herds which are propriety 1200 owners (Beduins)with average milk production 20 - 50 kg/year, 20 - 50 kg average live weight lamb for slaughter and low meat quality. Intensive system form part of 700 herds with 180 000 animals (45 000 milky sheeps). In frame dairy sheep indyustry in lsrael are two kinds milky sheep herds relatively to milk production as follow: - high productivity herds (320 - 380 kg milk/year lambs for staughter 50 - 70 kg with high quality of meat), - middle productivity herds (320 - 380 kg milk/year, lambs for slaughter 40 – 50 kg with middle quality of the meat. The base of lsraelis intensive production sheep's milk are improved Awassi breed and Assaf synthetic breed. The traits of improved Awassi sheep are: good grazer; well adapted to hard climate, high milk production (400 - 500 kg per year with 6 - 7% milk fat, 5 -6% protein, 5% lactose, 1% mineral and 18% total solids); high milk solid content; ewe's body weight 70 kg and 1 10 kg ram's body weight. The traits for ASSAF synthetic breed (cross between Awassi and East Friesian sheep) are: more prolific breed; matures younger(lambing 442 days); higher meat production, good carcass quality; body weight 75 kg for ewe and 120 kg for ram; annual milk yield 300 - 400 kg (5 - 7 % milk fat, 5,08% protein, 5,0% lactose, 1 % minerals and total solids 16,8 %). Extensive sheep production is peculiar for Beduins who are grazing their herds on the desert's pasture, using native Awassi sheep as producer of sheeps products (120 kg milk and 0.85 lambs per ewe yearly). Intensive system is developed for milk production on the base production's potential from Awassi and Assaf breed with the production 7 800 000 yearly. The characteristics of this population are: partial grazing; indoor flocks; mechanised milking; using food centres for concentrate and roughage; accelerated lambing; controlled reproduction; lambs artificialy reared and fattened on concentrates. The food centres using by products as a part of rations (Soybean meal, poultry- liter, sunflower meal, tomato straw, cotton gin- trace, citrus pulp, avocado, potato and onion). Amounts by products vary according to production. Alt scientific and technologic advances are using in sheep's industry like: lambing all year; Al (diluted semen from elite rams and frozen semen intro uterine); Embryo transfer, Melatoninin for out of season Al, advanced milking systems, computerised herd menagmnet and computerise ratio design. In development: Electronic identification, Boroola crossbreeds (Assaf, Awassi) Economy of lsraelis sheep's industry is directed to milk production and performed in tab. 2 and 3 as input and output per ewe. The labour demand 2 - 2,5 days per ewe peryear. Inputs in sheep's industry depends about price of food (concentrates 150 – 180 $ per ton, roughage 50 - 150 $ per ton, by products 20 - 60 $ per ton), veterinary costs, reproduction (Al 2,5 $ per head) and labour (40 - 50 $ daily). Results of sheep production are realise in the price of products (0.76 $ per 1 kg milk, 11.8 $ per 1 kg kaskaval, 11.2 $ per 1 kg feta, 11.9 $ per 1 kg Roquefort and 4 $ per 1 kg lamb's meat.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
164898
URI
Datum izdavanja:
17.6.1994.
Posjeta: 1.382 *