Pregledni rad
PRODUCTION OF MILK AND MEAT OF SHEEP IN BULGARIA
Staika Laleva
; Institut za govedarstvo i ovčarstvo, Stara Zagora, Bugarska
Maria Djorbineva
; Institut za govedarstvo i ovčarstvo, Stara Zagora, Bugarska
Sažetak
The sheep breeding is traditional economical subbranch in Bulgaria. The number of the sheep's till to 1986 was about 10 000 000 animals. The greatest part of sheep production (65%) was on the states sector. During the period from 1986 to 1992 the sheep's number in Bulgaria decreased (about 4 524 900 animals). Increase of the sheep's number (29%) bulgarian'a private sector was noticed 1989. But, this increase did not equalised loos from states sector (1986-1989). Production lamb's meat in Bulgaria at 1985, was 106 148 t (40,245 was produced on private farms). During this period participation slaughtered lambs was 80% considering total number of slaughtered animals. At the Sam period was decrease in sheep's meat production on 324 891 t. Sheep's milk production 1983 year was 324 891 t (equalised on 6,5% fat) on the end 1991. decreased on 219 262 000 I (120 123 000 on private sector). The average year's sheep's milk production in Bulgaria is 47 l/ewe. The goal of bulgarian national program for development sheep's milk production is to form population of 1 200 000 milky ewes with milk product 250l/ewe yearly. During the creation bulgarien milky ewe were used few metrods like for instance: improvement and increase native milky breeds (Pleven black faced ewe and Strara zagora ewe); using hybridization schema with participation East Frisien and Awassi sheep's. Pleven black faced sheep is native breed which originated by crossing native Zackel (Pramenka) and Cigay, with fertility 150- 160% and milk production 180- 240 | during lactation's period from 180 to 200 days. Stara Zagora sheep is breeding in Tracian lowland's and Stara Zagora field with average milk ptodrction 160-210 l during lactation pedod 190 days and fedility 130-150%. Maritsa sheep is breeding in Maritsa wale with average milk production 112 l (yearly) during lactation period 118 days (average). Hybridization program for creation milky breeds in general designed on East frisien (300-360 I milk/ewe) and Awassi (300-360 | milk/ewe). In the frame of activity bulgarian program for development milky sheeps production in lntimate Stara Zagora was created synthetic line X5M with productive complex for milkiness and fertility with average production 250 l per lactation and fertility 150-250%. The schedule of creation includes following bleeds: East frisen 37,5-50% final form Stara Zagora breed 25%.;ll de France, Berishon, Romanw and Tracian fine fleece 6,25-12%. The crossbreeds ewes (Pleven black faced x East frisien rams) and F1 crossbred (Pleven black faced x Awassi) exceed in milk productivity the local breed. The highest content of dry matter is established in the milk of Pleven black faced sheep (19,448%).The lowest content of dry matter was in the milk F1 crossbreeds Pleven black faced x Awassi (17,584%). F1 Pleven black faced crossbreed with East frisien rams have 18,95% dry matter and 7,538% fat . F1 crossbreed Pleven black faced with Awassi rams have 6.88% fat in milk. The milk from Pleven black faced breed rather has higher percent proteins (5,906) than its crossbreeds (5,567%) (Tab.2). The difference in milk content exist between Stara Zagora breed and its crossbreeds with East Frisien rams. The milk from Stara Zagora breed contents higher percent of dry matter, milk fats, caseins, fatless residue, proteinless nitrogen and Calcium (Djorbineva 1988). The most of bulgarian milk production is using to produce white and yellow cheese as well limited quantities of yoghurt. One of the future target bulgarian sheep's industry's is increase fertility amongst several breeds and to try sell the lambs with higher lamb weight.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
164887
URI
Datum izdavanja:
27.4.1994.
Posjeta: 1.449 *