Filologija, No. 75, 2020.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.21857/m16wjceko9
Ni med cvetjem ni pravice! Analysis of non-standard lexic in Croatian obligatory readers and school dictionaries
Bojana Schubert
Sažetak
Paper analyses standard language ideology in Croatia, with a special focus on educational system – obligatory readers and school dictionaries. In Croatia three dictionaries having the adjectives school and Croatian in their titles were published. We examined two of them: Školski rječnik published in 2012 by Institute of Croatian language and linguistics and Anićev školski rječnik published in 2015 by Znanje. The most interesting dictionary is the latest Anićev školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika (Anić School Dictionary of the Croatian Language) (edited by Ivo Pranjković i Lada Badurina), because it has government recommendation for school purposes. Its editors stress that the core of the Dictionary (app. 10,500 words) is formed by the words featuring in school textbooks – and they are marked with an asterisk – and approximately 6,500 general culture words have been added. In 2006 they even formed a work team that read the textbooks in detail and sorted out the words, so in 2013 they updated the list. In the Preface they say that the dictionary contains some regional and colloquial vocabulary, which they consider to be in household use, widespread and which has no standard language equivalent.
We examined 13 readers published by three different publishers (Profil, Ljevak and Školska knjiga) during the period when two school dictionaries were made. We were interested in how much regional vocabulary, slang and jargon they generally contain and how they relate to it. That vocabulary is more or less successfully dealt with on the margins or inside quadrat frame
footnotes below the texts (From the dictionary; Unknown words). We excerpted the regionalisms – kajkavisms, čakavisms, štokavisms, slang and jargon words and checked them up in Školski rječnik, 2012, and Anićev školski rječnik, 2015.
1591 lexemes have been excerpted, and only 76 of them entered Školski rječnik and 62 of them entered the Anićev školski rječnik – they make up less than 5 per cent of the total number of dictionary entries. In other words, the editors of school dictionaries just skipped the lexemes in the readers which they did not consider to be parts of the Croatian standard language and they
did not include them into the school dictionaries.
Such a procedure raises several questions: How justified is it? What message does it send to children whose mother tongues are Kajkavian, Štokavian, Čakavian, or non-standard colloquial urban speeches? Why should a school dictionary be exclusively a normative dictionary? Especially if we take into account that Croatian literature is open to the vocabulary coming from all the three dialect groups and it also contains slang and jargon? Should the principal purpose of a school dictionary not be to explain the meanings of the words which a student comes across during his or her education? – all the words – including the non-standard ones that the literature is written in?
We concluded that a non-normative school dictionary of the Croatian language should be written and it should be based on the corpus that includes reading lists, children's literature, both Croatian and foreign (translated), texts from schoolbooks and readers, because a child comes across them on a daily basis. A Kajkavian person should be able to find in it the Čakavian and Štokavian forms he or she does not understand in literature, and the other way round. That kind of school dictionary should promote language tolerance and demonstrate wealth and beauty of Croatian language in hole.
Ključne riječi
school dictionaries, Croatian readers, non-standard lexemes, ideology of standard language
Hrčak ID:
254321
URI
Datum izdavanja:
23.3.2021.
Posjeta: 1.334 *