Izvorni znanstveni članak
ABOUT ARCHITECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRANCISCAN MONASTERY OF ST. CROSS IN ŽIVOGOŠĆE IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES
Dina OŽIĆ BAŠIĆ
Sažetak
Foundation of the monastery of the St. Cross in Živogošće in the region of Makarska seashore happened in 1614, in the time of friar Mijo Ronović from Imotski, who was deputy of the Bosnian bishop Baličević. This was also time of reign of the emperor Maximilian Habsburg, who appointed friar Bartul Kačić Žarković to the position of bishop of Makarska. This monastery was founded as exile resort for the Bosnian Franciscans, who ran from Ottomans. On this location before monastery existed a ruin of ancient villa rustica and/or old medieval fortress. The oldest parts of monastery, its eastern wing and fi rst monastery church, were built in the period of the Ottoman rule, during the seventeenth century, when the monastery was a part of Franciscan province Bosna Srebrna. Since the monastery was often under the Ottoman attack, the construction has some attributes of fortress or castle: thick walls with loop holes, armored gates, and possibly defensive fort nearby the church entrance, together with lifting bridge within the cloister that is mentioned in the manuscripts of friar Zlatović. In this period monastery protected faith (church) and worshippers (fort) but it was also pharmacy and hospice (musarfi hana house). This monastery was completely devastated during the Ottoman attack in 1647. Afterwards was renewed but very poorly.
After the liberation from Ottomans in 1699 region of Makarska sea-shore became a part of Venetian dominion. Since province of Bosna Srebrna was divided into three parts because of the new political borders, in 1735 new province was founded under the name of Holy Savior. One can say that the eighteenth century became a period in which monastery was completely restored, as well as some annexes were built, too. Moreover, the convent became educational centre, since there existed novitiate. This renovation had started in
1745, under custody of retired friar Petar Karapandža, who was lector generalis. One has to note that this friar brought to monastery valuable possessions, among which were many pictures and manuscripts. During this renovation many edifi ces were expanded depending on the number of the existing monks and other members of the convent. This reconstruction of monastery of St. Cross in Živogošće probably was under the infl uence of Ivan Macanović from Dubrovnik, Petar Skoko and Petar Bilinić, together with Italian engineers Bartolo Riviera and Giovanni Francesco Rossini, since these builders were responsible for all the new edifi ces in the region of Makarska sea-shore. Italian proto-master Giuseppe Visaggio, who implemented late baroque and classicistic elements in the older buildings in Makarska region, can be recognized as author of expansion of the monastery’s edifi ces in the period between 1772
and 1783. At the end, one can conclude that although monastery of St. Cross was devastated during the centuries, there is still visible typical ground-plan of the Franciscan monastery architecture
with four convent wings embracing the cloister. However, expansion of the edifi ces during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries resemble characteristics of popular architecture. By the same token, one has to note specifi c forms of late baroque church and bell tower of St. Cross. Consequently, this monastery, together with other two convents in the region (in Zaostrog and Makarska), defi nes a unifi ed typological entity that symbolized preservation of faith and culture of this region.
Ključne riječi
Franciscan monastery; Friar Petar Karapandža; baroque; Živogošće; ecclesiastical history; history of art
Hrčak ID:
28041
URI
Datum izdavanja:
20.6.2008.
Posjeta: 4.252 *