Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.32728/h2022.04
Motovun District in the Cadastre of Francis I.: features, economic situation and analysis of agrarian structure
Antonietta Cereghetti Passini
Sažetak
An analysis of the rich documentation of the State Archives in Trieste, created between 1818 and 1840 during the first systematic cadastral survey and organization of the Stable Cadastre of Francis I in the total of 19 cadastral municipalities of northern and central Istria that then formed the district of Motovun, gives an insight into their common features and specifics. These municipalities were administratively organized into three main municipalities with a total of 16 sub-municipalities (Motovun and the sub-municipalities of Brkač, Kaldir, Karojba, Muntrilj, Novaki, Rakotule, Sovišćina, Zumesk, Višnjan, Bačva, Sveti Ivan od Šterne and Sveti Vital; Oprtalj and sub-municipalities of Zrenj and Čepić, Vižinada and sub-municipalities of Kaštelir and Labinci); the seat of political and judicial power was in Motovun, while church institutions were subjects of the Diocese of Poreč or Novigrad. In 1827, the district of Motovun had 11 564 souls, 2767 families and 2024 residential buildings; only the main municipalities had public schools; general illiteracy prevailed. Of the 28.704,74 ha of the total area of the district, as much as 27.777,88 ha (96,77%) is fertile land, which, with a few negligible exceptions, is wholly cultivated. Out of the four (exceptionally five) fertility classes of fertile land, lower class lands predominate. As much as 70% of the productive land is agricultural land, and the remaining 30% is forest, which includes the Motovun 1671,71 ha forest. Coexistence of multi-ethnic population was recorded in district; its primary activity was traditional type agriculture with crop rotations of different lengths, followed by forest cutting. Agricultural and forest areas were cultivated under the regime of insufficient numbers of both large and small livestock and, consequently, insufficient manure quantity. For ploughing and cart transport, cows were often used due to a lack of oxen, whereas donkeys and horses were used for transport. Many agricultural families found it difficult to obtain firewood and wood necessary for agricultural activities; this problem was also denoted by heavily forested cadastral municipalities, whose forests are partly or entirely state-owned. Although the river Mirna and its tributary Butoniga flowed through the district, both rich in water, the water supply was chronically insufficient: these water flows were parts of the state property Motovun Forest, and other water flows did not meet the needs of agricultural households and agriculture. Of the natural disasters, drought and hail were the most devastating. The district did not have its own market, so the sale of the few market surpluses, primarily from viticulture, and less from forest cutting, was done outside its borders, especially on the Poreč market. With the exception of the well-maintained postal road Trieste – Pula, the roads were bad, mostly neglected, and in rainy weather they turned into water streams. Many agricultural families owned land burdened with various feudal levies, while others cultivated the land of the landlord under the harsh conditions of serflike contracts. The conditions for obtaining the subsistence minimum were generally difficult, and in some cadastral municipalities extremely difficult.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
309015
URI
Datum izdavanja:
29.12.2022.
Posjeta: 789 *