Historijski zbornik, Vol. 33-34 , 1981.
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THE COMMUNAL SOCIETIES IN DALMATIA IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY
Tomislav Raukar
Sažetak
The fourteenth century is an important period in the history of Dalmatian cities in which their societies have been matured. The treatise »The Communal Societies in Dalmatia in the Fourteenth Century« analyses the process of ripening and all sorts of format’ons that Dalmatian cities display putting into the centre of researching the complex relation between an individual and the social communities. It is dealing with the establishing of the evolutional prerequisite conditions, then with dynamic embodying development of communal economy and finally wilh the mature forms in the communal social structures.
The chapter »The Developmental Prerequisite Conditions« sets out from the mutuality creating by the natural and economic prerequisites and by the changes of the political relations between 1300 and 1400. It draws our attention to the differences in the manner of shaping and the area of the urban districts as well as to the mutual relation of the districtual marks and to the sort of the manufacture.
The demographic development of the cities was determined by the economic possibilities of the commune, by the urban areas, by the epidemics of plague and by other troubles (starvation). The Dalmatian cities are comprised by the number of their population within the limits of European towns.
The chapter »The Economic Dynamics« analyses the economic structure of the communes and it establishes that their mercantile-marine and financial activity expresses the grade of the economic growth best. Taking it into consideration Dalmatian cities in the fourteenth century show a few evolutional patterns and the evolutional dynamics is the outcome of the mutual effect of the natural prerequisite conditions and of the political changes. Among the Dalmatian cities in the fourteenth century Zadar displays the highest degree of the economic growth because it was considerably subject to the economic politics of Venice before the year 1358.
The chapter »The Maturing of the Societies« describes the development of the collective and the status of an individual, their everyday occurences set into the compound complex of the material and intellectual structures. From the beginning, the evolution of the governing-political organization of the commune, the supplement directs to the system of relations of the communal societies and it analyses their various levels from pilgrimage to the ideological structures. In the fourteenth century the political ideas of the communes have still been extremely mediaeval. The slavonicizing of the societies is carried on slowly. The slavonicizing of the intellectual structures have especially lasted for a long time and it was not equal to to the ethnical one. In the fourteenth century the further differentiation was performed by separating of the citizenry. Then the supplement turns from the communal societies to the position of the minor groups and of the individuals. The special attention is dedicated to the lowest classes of the society out the essential ones like the poor, lepers, heretics, exiles etc. remaining on the margins of the society. Those groups, have been set apart from society by economic, biologic, ideological, political and criminal expelling. The author also analyses the various levels of the individual security: the commune as the collective form of protection and on the other hand confraternities insuring direct, mutual and everyday support to the individual. On the contrary, the communes enter into all shapes of the individual’s everyday life endeavouring to secure the order of common life. The economic, familiar and urban everyday life was organized by such an activity. The formation of the urban space depends even upon the material levels of the societies and classes. Material and intellectual forms of everyday life also involve their sociological ground. In the entire activity of the communal societies there are many kinds of the opposites. The personal and economic independence of the individual is interwoven with his social and political inequality.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
326220
URI
Datum izdavanja:
1.9.1982.
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