Anali za povijest odgoja, Vol. 5 No. 5, 2006.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
Franjo Marković as the Author of Literature Textbooks
Ante Bežen
; Učiteljski fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Founder of the study of philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb (“where he himself taught and developed all branches of philosophy starting with the year 1874 – ethics, aesthetics, logic, metaphysics, methodology, history of philosophy and psychology”) and author of the first scientific aesthetics in Croatian, Franjo Marković also excelled (won recognition) in the field of belles-lettres as the author of epic poems, dramas and lyrical poetry as well as a literary critic and historian. It is not widely known that he compiled the Croatian Reader for the 4th Grade of Secondary School, his only literature textbook which appeared in three editions – in 1874 and (revised) in 1888 and 1891. This textbook made a strong impact on the teaching of literature and on education in Croatian schools (the fourth grade of then secondary school coincides with the eighth grade of today’s primary school).
Marković’s literature school reader is particularly interesting for research since it was compiled by a man who was at the same time the greatest authority on scientific aesthetics, a renowned writer and literary critic. We assume that he applied his aesthetic principles in the selection of contents for the reader. Consequently, the question can be posed whether his reader can be regarded as an example of direct application of theoretical aesthetic theory for a practical real-life purpose, since when explaining the characteristics of the concept of beauty in his Razvoj i sustav obćenite estetike (Development and System of General Aesthetics) Marković quotes as examples works by Croatian and foreign authors some of which he included in the reader. Marković elaborated five main characteristics of the concept of beauty: intenseness (vivacity, wholeness), harmony (coherence), the presence of features, harmonious conciliation and regularity. In his textbook, however, he had to apply the principles of purposefulness and adequacy of texts for the age of the students. Therefore, his idea of aesthetics is not easily discernable in the reader (except for the selection of works belonging to artistic literature), which could be expected in such a work by a renowned aesthetician, professor and author. This shows the diffi culties of practical application of aesthetic theory and of the teleological complexity of a school textbook which is not a mere anthology compiled according to aesthetic rules, but a signifi cantly more complex work with educational purpose. In this respect, Marković’s reader is an example which can be used to observe the relation between “theory” and “practice” in aesthetics and literary science and is thus illuminating even today both for authors of school readers and their reviewers.
Ključne riječi
Marković, Franjo; Croatian language teaching; the history of teaching; methodics of the literature teaching; aesthetic textbook analysis
Hrčak ID:
334652
URI
Datum izdavanja:
31.12.2006.
Posjeta: 369 *